英语中的否定
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一、否定谓语
通过否定谓语部分来达到否定整个句子的目的，是英语中最常见的否定方式，其变换方法可以通过下面的口诀记忆：
句子变否定，
谓语是关键。①
实意动词最常见，
助动3d（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t）加前边，
其后动词变原形；②
倘若“be”、“助”、“情态”含，
not随后特自然；③
any要把some换。④
说明：
①句子的否定主要体现在谓语部分，因此句子如何变成否定形式应围绕谓语部分展开。
②句子的谓语是实意动词（行为动词）时，它在句子中的形式不外乎以下三种。
A. 原形形式。变否定时只需在谓语动词前加don’t。如：
I like to eat bananas.
I don’t like to eat bananas.
B.第三人称单数形式。变否定时需在谓语动词前加doesn’t，同时把谓语动词变成原形。如：
He likes to eat bananas.
He doesn’t like to eat bananas.
She goes home by bus.
She doesn’t go home by bus.
C. 过去式形式。变否定时需在谓语动词前加didn’t，同时把谓语动词变成原形。如：
His father looked at him while he was watching TV.
His father didn’t look at him while he was watching TV.
We loved the singer before.
We didn’t love the singer before.
③谓语部分含有be动词、助动词will或have、情态动词can或must时，变否定时只需在这些词后加not即可；若谓语部分同时含有be动词和助动词，则把否定词not加在助动词后。如：
I am in Grade One.
I am not in Grade One.
The film will start in a few minutes.
The film will not start in a few minutes.
They have passed the exam last week.
They have not passed the exam last week.
He has got something nice from his mother.
He has not got anything nice from his mother.
The books can be used as a pillow.
The books cannot be used as a pillow.
注意：may和must表推测时，变否定时不能在其后直接加not，而要变为can’t。如：
They may be teachers.
They can’t be teachers.
He must go there on foot.
He can’t go there on foot.
④句子变否定后还要注意句中其他词的变化，即，some要变成any，含有词根some-的词也要相应地将词根变为any-。如：
They had some meat for supper.
They didn’t have any meat for supper.
二、否定主语
none, nobody, neither, nothing等代词本身就具有否定的意义，用这些代词作句子主语时，句子就具有了否定的意义。如：
None of us likes him. / None of us like him.
我们都不喜欢他。
Nobody wants to go there.
没有人想去那儿。
Neither of my parents is from Tianjin.
我父母都不是天津人。
Nothing can stop us.
没有什么能阻止我们。
三、否定定语或状语
never, little, few, no, without作定语或状语时，句子一般表示否定的意义。如：
He has never been there before.
他以前从未去过那儿。
She little knows.
她一点儿也不知道。
He has few friends there.
他在那儿没有朋友。
I have no money.
我没钱。
We all like the tea without sugar.
我们都喜欢不加糖的茶。
还一些英语句式的否定有其固有的模式，不受上述规则的制约。如：
She is too young to wash herself.
她太小了，不能自己洗澡。
You’d better not go there.
你最好别去那里。
Don’t open the door.
别开门。
He used not to go there alone. / He didn’t use to go there alone.
他过去不常独自去那里。
需要注意的是，如果主从复合句的主句部分的谓语是think，suppose，believe等时，不能否定从句部分，只能否定主句部分。如：
翻译：我认为他不是一名工人。
应译为：I don’t think he is a worker.
不能译为：I think he is not a worker.