北京人艺旧事
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金雅琴东京获桂冠
电影《我们俩》让我妈妈金雅琴81岁时在半个月内连获东京电影节最佳女主角和金鸡百花电影节最佳女主角两项大奖。张艺谋作为东京电影节评委会主席，在颁奖仪式上激动地说：“之前我只知道她是个老资格的舞台剧演员，没想到她84岁（实际上是81岁）第一次（实际上也不是第一次）演电影就可以得到这项代表亚洲最高荣誉的奖项，所有评委都为她的表演所感动，在评选中全票通过将最佳女主角奖项给她。”
张艺谋确实跟我妈不熟悉，但他跟我爸爸牛星丽熟悉。在1986年吴天明导演的《老井》里面，张艺谋是摄像，又是第一次演男主角，我爸爸在戏里演他爷爷。那时他经常穿着件大衣上我们家来找我爸，可能就是这件军大衣的影响，我妈老把他当成是修电灯的。张艺谋一来，我妈就问我爸：“咱家灯泡又坏了？”我爸也每次都得跟我妈解释一回：“没坏。人家是搞摄像的。”
现在说起来，就想说是“无巧不成书”。张艺谋和我爸，还有梁玉瑾、吕丽萍主演的《老井》，最初也是在东京电影节上获的奖；隔了20年，又轮到我妈了。
我妈因为那阵子身体不舒服，没去成东京。获奖之后，《我们俩》的导演马俪文带着小姑娘宫哲，举着鲜花来给我妈送奖杯。马俪文冲进屋抱着我妈喊：“你获奖后，我们都非常激动，这是中国人民的骄傲！”她又把张艺谋那番话转述了一遍，然后拉着我妈的手说：“接住，这是你的奖杯！”我妈接过奖杯仔细端详了一小会儿，说：“哦，这是奖杯啊。”满屋子的人听了都大笑起来。马导说：“这是奖杯。您千万别当水杯给用了！”大伙又是一阵儿哄堂大笑。
这时候，我妈脸上忽然露出了极为少见的、特别不好意思的表情，我觉得十分惊讶。我妈说：“你瞧，这其实都是大家的功劳，怎么都归我一人了？！”她这还真不是客气。我妈为人热心仗义，这辈子净替人家担不是，她都习惯了；此次意外地为大伙儿担了回荣誉，她反倒很不自在了。
朱琳帮我带孩子
人艺的好角儿多，朱琳阿姨又是好角儿里的好角儿。她的高贵，她的雅致，她的风韵，没有一个不称道，我们心里都还装着她扮演的《蔡文姬》，装着《推销员之死》，装着《洋麻将》。要是这世界上还保留着北京人艺这座中国话剧殿堂，朱琳阿姨的名字一定会刻在这座殿堂的最显眼处，她是永远令我们骄傲的大头牌！
我记得在《推销员之死》里，戏快结束时60岁的朱琳阿姨所饰演的琳达，穿着黑色丧服伫立在丈夫的墓前；参加送葬的人们都离去了，剩下她孤零零一人慢慢走向台口。她在台口停住，全身一动不动：“我哭不出来。今天，我们付清了最后一笔欠款，我们自由了！可是，人却没有了。”包括我在内的首都剧场数千观众，都木呆呆被钉坐在椅子上，没有人想到这里的戏是要散场的！
因为崇拜朱琳阿姨，所以我与一般观众一样，反而会觉得她和我们之间有着很遥远的距离。我也算是她看着长大的孩子，但我始终没有能挨近她的生活。
我的女儿耕耕比我幸运。有次我爸与朱琳阿姨一起拍电视剧，带着耕耕同去。朱琳阿姨的戏先拍完，就提前带耕耕回来了。偏巧那时我忙着办广告公司，竟腾不出时间去接孩子，耕耕在朱琳阿姨家被搁了一个星期。
等我去接耕耕的时候，就问她朱琳奶奶怎么样？耕耕告诉我，“朱琳奶奶最好了！她每天早晨给我梳小辫。”我大吃一惊。我原以为把耕耕放在她家，自会有保姆去照顾的，所以心里还挺坦然。哪里知道，耕耕在她家里，都是朱琳亲自给孩子洗澡、讲故事、陪着吃饭，等于是我让朱琳阿姨帮我带了一个星期的孩子！我隐隐地感到有些愧疚。不过，从这件事我知道，朱琳阿姨原来也像我们这些庸俗的人一样“庸俗”地生活着。可是，为什么在舞台上，她就带不出一点庸俗来呢？我不求买到章子怡推荐的美容霜，但我真的很渴望这世间研制出朱琳牌的去俗药。
牛星丽、黄宗洛说相声
接替我妈到大兴参加劳动的正好是我爸牛星丽和黄宗洛。因为我妈太红了，把我爸和黄宗洛可就害“苦”了。老乡们数落我爸说：“你看人家老金，天天给我们唱歌唱戏的。你们俩不也是搞文艺的吗？怎么除了干活，什么也不会啊？”
我爸和黄宗洛受了刺激，一致认为不能输给金雅琴。他们连夜编了个反映农村生活的相声，黄逗哏，牛捧哏，预定说半个小时；藏的包袱是学各种牲口叫，从学鸡叫开始，到最后一学驴叫，我爸送来一句“别挨骂了”，两人就下场。
第二天劳动休息时，我爸和黄宗洛主动说，“我们给大伙儿说段相声。”老乡们便围了过来。我爸和黄宗洛就开始说，说到学牲口叫时，黄宗洛忽然叫起没完没了，把我爸都给叫烦了。我爸偷偷一看表，说了都快一个小时了，就冲着黄宗洛吼了句，“驴哪?!”黄宗洛狠狠瞪了我爸一眼，然后无可奈何地“呜哇，呜哇”地又学了几声驴叫，尴尬地鞠躬下了场。
我爸还跟黄宗洛翻扯说：“不是说好半个小时吗？”黄宗洛也气急了：“你没看见观众一直都没乐吗？咱们怎么下台啊？”他们的相声太失败了。
要单看长相，我爸还真是个适合演捧哏的模样，但是我爸缺乏讲笑话的本事。有段时间，我爸还苦练过说笑话，弄了不少《古今笑话大全》之类的书，先自己闷头看，之后就组织我妈和我听他讲笑话。每次都是他讲的时候，我们一点都不觉得好笑；到他兴致勃勃讲完以后，他会认真地等着我跟我妈笑。他的那副样子倒是特别让我们觉得好笑，我们就哈哈大笑起来，或许我爸还误认为是他说得很成功呢。
陈道明“找打”
北京人艺有个口号是，“只有小演员，没有小角色”。我爸牛星丽就在人艺演了一辈子“小角色”，他在这些“小角色”上费的工夫并不少。他在《风雪夜归人》里演的是没有一句台词的拉排子车的马二傻子，马因吃醉酒倒在法院苏院长家门口睡着了，被巡夜的抓进拘留所。马的母亲马大婶央求京剧名伶魏莲生说情，才把马放了出来。剧中马二傻子上场，是其母亲带他来后台向魏老板道谢。
我爸抓住这一个上场做足戏。他的设计是：是由马大婶拉着他往前走，母亲越拉他，他就越神色慌张地往后退；母亲改为边哄边拉，他还是一个劲儿往回缩；最后，母亲趁他不备，一把把他推进后台。马二傻子的登场即是一个踉跄站到舞台上，两腿叉开立定，咧开大嘴求助似的喊了声“妈”，表情又急又悔。简单一个出场，便把剧本所规定的这个被“剥削了智力”的体力充沛的“下等人”的形象展现在观众面前。人艺的观众也是最懂行的，马上就报以碰头彩；他们说，我爸是一片能闪光的绿叶，我爸真没白费力气。
他也把这种艺术创作态度用于影视。在电视剧《末代皇帝》里，我爸饰演老太监张谦和。他为此跑了多少趟图书馆，认真琢磨这个人物。记得他对我们说过：“我演太监一定要摒弃那些程式化的表演，不能是娘娘腔，扭扭捏捏走小碎步。我要把张谦和当个人来演。即使他被过，又是个奴才，但他或多或少还有着自己的尊严。”他让观众看到的张谦和，是一个皇权至上，任何时候都忠心耿耿的大内总管，他因此获得了第九届“飞天奖”的最佳男配角奖。
顺便说个插曲。电视剧播放时，我们一看到我爸跪在地上挨皇上的大耳刮子，心里都挺别扭。我的女儿耕耕那时才六岁，看到这“哇”地哭了，不依不饶地要去打那个演得也很投入的皇上。后来演皇上的陈道明听说了这事，诚心诚意地对我爸说：“以后我一定到您家，让您那个小孙女打我一顿。”嘿，还有愿意找打的呢！
苏民、濮存昕爷俩
濮存昕红了这么些年也没有闹出什么绯闻来，真难得！我妈老爱说，那是因为小濮像他爸爸苏民。苏民大大原名濮思询，我妈说：“解放前，旧社会那么糜烂气氛里，男演员有几个不花哨的？可是人家苏民长得是一表人才，平时却一本正经。演戏以外，常看他抢着扫地干活，半点架子都没有。后来我才知道，敢情人家是地下党。”我也常对跟我打听小濮的人说:“小濮不疯不闹的，因为他的家教好，是有其父必有其子。”
在我心里，与其说苏民大大是演员，是导演，是副院长，都不如说他是个文人。他英俊文雅，才貌双全，琴棋书画，无一不精。人艺排郭老（沫若）的《虎符》时，赵韫如阿姨饰演魏太妃。彩排后赵阿姨向苏民大大征求意见，苏民大大说，“你已经做得很不错了，但我送你六个字，坐如钟，立如松。“赵阿姨一下子意识到自己只顾表现人物的飘逸潇洒的一面，忽视了其作为太妃的持重。苏民大大提的这个醒太重要了！
我在组织演出《流金岁月》时，自己也在《蔡文姬》里扮演侍书，过过戏瘾。排练时，苏民大大对我说：“小铃子，这戏可跟平常的戏不一样。当年郭老要求这出戏台词要上韵，整出戏要像是一首诗。”他还亲自示范，教我怎样念台词。后来李婉芬阿姨说，“小铃子虽不是人艺专业演员，但在这满场老演员里倒也是显得个生（北京话，意思是特别）。”她哪知道，这是苏民大大给我吃小灶的结果。
苏民大大还写了许多书和文章，对人艺风格作出详细论述。他是人艺的理论家。他强调戏剧的节奏，说：“是舞台艺创作者把各方面的创作因素都完美地综合起来，才能获得的一个新的、舞台艺术的、既有整体又有局部的完美统一的结果。”这话说得多好！是只有演一辈子、又研究一辈子戏的人才能说得出来的。
李婉芬的爱情
李婉芬阿姨因在电视剧《四世同堂》里饰演大赤包而红遍天下，那个骄横跋扈的女光棍形象，给人留下深刻印象，以至满街的孩子都追着她叫“大赤包奶奶”――那是街上的孩子眼中的她，是观众眼中的她。作为她看着长大的孩子，我记忆中的婉芬阿姨，首先是她的丈夫大王叔叔比她更爱发脾气。
其实大王叔叔平时对我们这些孩子是很和气的，可不知为什么，在家里却总发脾气。突然有一天，大王叔叔离开家，带走了他们的小女儿。我奶奶在家就说：“大王叔叔就是那个奥赛罗。”这话我大了以后才明白，大王叔叔不能理解演员的工作性质，小心眼，老是因为吃醋而和婉芬阿姨吵架。我觉得婉芬阿姨冤。等我再大，我又明白，大王叔叔所以吃醋，又是因为他太深地爱着婉芬阿姨，他在意他的那个人。唉，爱情啊，爱情这死东西！它要不整得你要死要活，它就不会给你它的甜蜜。
大王叔叔和婉芬阿姨分手很多年后，他们的女儿还常来我们院。有段时间她走时，手里总提着个饭盒。很快，我们就听说是大王叔叔病了，患的是不治之症。病房里，饱受病痛折磨的大王叔叔看到女儿打开饭盒，脸上立刻露出难得一见的笑容，“这菜是你妈妈做的！”不久，爱发脾气的大王叔叔走了。
接下去有半年多时间里，每天傍晚，我们都看到婉芬阿姨一个人在院中徘徊，鬓上别着一朵小小的白花。婉芬阿姨所带给观众的那股子泼辣、火爆劲，一点儿都没留着给自己用。她内心的伤痛，只有她自己知道。
（本文作者系北京人艺著名演员牛星丽、金雅琴之女）
My Reminiscences of Beijing People’s Art Theater
Niu Xiangling
My Mom
Zhang Yimou did not know my mother well when she won two best actresses awards both in Tokyo Film Festival and China’s Gold Roost and 100 Flowers Film Festival toward the end of 2006. My mother is Jin Yaqin and she won the honor for her perfect interpretation of the role in the film e Two?directed by Ma Liwen. As president of the jury at the Tokyo Film Festival, Zhang made a short speech at the awarding ceremony in Tokyo. Among other things, he mentioned that all he had known about my mother was that she was a veteran stage artist of Beijing People’s Art Theater. He went on to say that he was surprised that my mother was 84 years old and it was her first film. Zhang got two things wrong about my mother. It was not my mother’s first film and she was 81 years old.
That Zhang made the mistakes is understandable. He does not know my mother well, though he knows my father quite well. My father and Zhang jointly starred in the 1986 feature ‘Old Well?directed by Wu Tianming, which won Zhang the best actor for his role in the film 20 years ago in the same Tokyo event. My father was Zhang Yimou’s grandfather in the film. During that time, Zhang often came to our house, always dressed in an overcoat. The first time Zhang came, my mother mistakenly thought he was an electrician coming to change light bulbs for us. The first impression lasted.Whenever Zhang came to visit later during that time, my mother would ask if our light bulbs were out of order again. My father would patiently explain that Zhang was not no an electrician and that he was both the lead actor and cameraman of the film.
My mother was absent at the Tokyo Film Festival because of her poor health. After the festival, the director came to our home, carrying the trophy and flowers. The director said that they were very proud to learn that my mother won the best actress award. After relating what Zhang Yimou said at the awarding ceremony, the director handed the trophy to my mother. My mother examined the trophy for a long while, as if she did not believe it was a symbol of honor. Then she wondered suspiciously if it was really a trophy. The director jokingly confirmed that it was really the trophy, not her cup for drinking water. We burst into laughter.
Then I was surprised to see the shyness on my mother’s face, which is quite rare. My mother said, ook, we made it together. How come it looks as if I made it alone??She said so not because she was being modest. A warm-hearted woman all her life, my mother loves to help other people and sometimes even takes all the trouble and go out of her way to be helpful.
Aunt Zhu Lin
The Beijing People’s Art Theater has been famed for its galaxy of brilliant stage artists over decades. Of all the best stage artists, Zhu Lin is among the very best few. Everyone admires her nobleness, grace and elegance. She is simply unforgettable in dramas staged by the Beijing People’s Art Theater, the best drama troupe in the country. In my heart, she is always the best lead woman.
Her performance in “The Death of the Salesman?is just like yesterday. At the very end of the drama, she was alone on the stage after the funeral. The audience was mesmerized by her, listening to her heartbreakingly sad monologue. She was so real that, for that moment, none of us in the audience believed that it was only a drama and it was about to end.
I admire Aunt Zhu Lin very much. So just like other people who don have any chance to know her off the stage, I feel that she is very different from the rest of us. I grew up under her watch, but somehow I have never been close enough to see her in the real life.
My daughter is luckier. One year, my father and Aunt Zhu Lin starred in a television play together. My father took my daughter Geng Geng to the production site. When Aunt Zhu Lin was done with her part, she came back to Beijing first. As during that time I was extremely busy trying my best to get started with my own advertising agency, I even did not have time to take my daughter back. So Geng Geng stayed with Aunt Zhu Lin for a week.
When I finally took my daughter back, I asked how she fared in Grandma Zhu Lin’s house. Geng Geng said happily, “Grandma is the best in the world. She combs my hair everyday.?I was surprised. I had thought that Aunt Zhu Lin would have a babysitter look after my daughter and it was why I had felt somehow comfortable leaving my daughter to her care. In fact, Zhu Lin bathed my daughter, told her stories, and sat with her at dinner, etc. I felt guilty. But this incident also gave me a revelation that Zhu Lin leads an ordinary life just like the rest of us. But how could she become so noble and graceful and elegant on the stage? I would rather not buy the cosmetics recommended by Zhang Ziyi, but I would never hesitate to spend a fortune for a drug that will make me as noble and graceful as Zhu Lin.
(Translated by David)