渔民画展示渔乡风情

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翻开《岱山渔民画》，海乡渔村风情顿时扑入眼帘，海风涛声回旋耳畔，心灵很快被缤纷的画面、瑰奇的想象、强烈的色彩吸引住了，仿佛走进了神秘莫测、怪诞夸张而又真实存在的海洋世界。一幅幅渔民画向你诉说着岱山古老的过去、捕鱼的欢快、海边的风俗、渔家的礼仪、童年的记忆、渔民的性格、海底的世界和那美好的追求……，它挟带着大海的磅礴气势，闪烁着渔民生命的律动，传承着岱山的历史脉络，演绎着渔人的情感世界。

渔民画家都是渔家儿女、大海子孙，浩瀚大海赋予他们粗犷性格、豪迈情怀；渔家生活给了他们渔人情感、鲜明个性，他们植根于海岛地域文化，吸吮了现代绘画语言中的营养，展开“大海性格”和“渔人情感”孕育出来的想象翅膀，于是创造出具有特殊表现力和强烈吸引力的海上奇葩――渔民画。

走进美丽的蓬莱仙岛岱山，你就可以看到这些可爱的海洋文化守望者。

在岱山岛与岛之间来回穿梭的渡轮上，有一个个子高大的船老大，海风染黑了他的脸庞，双目闪烁着聪慧之光，他叫蔡成世，是岱山渔民画家队伍中的佼佼者。说起画画，他说那还得追溯到1983年：当年17岁开始捕鱼的蔡成世，从渔船下来碰到一个举止文静的戴眼镜者，他说他是县文化馆来的，想来渔村了解有没有喜欢画画的人。蔡成世忙问：“喜欢又怎么样？”那人说：“就来参加县文化馆举办的绘画培训班。”于是蔡成世便与另一个伙伴一起去参加县里的培训班。两个月的培训，倒真把画画的兴趣培养起来了。他看到村里老人过生日，子女按渔家风俗向老人祝寿，就画了一幅《祝寿》的渔民画。不想一炮打响，《祝寿》参加全省画展获得一等奖，后来又去北京展出被外宾看中，买去收藏了。熟悉什么就画什么，他经常看到渔船在修理：蓝色的海水、高高翘起的船头，修理工驾着弯弯的小船在抢修，色彩是那么鲜艳，视觉冲击力是那么强烈，于是他画了一幅《抢修》。蔡成世曾经驾着渔船捕到过几千斤重的鲨鱼，这一令人激奋的经历，触发了他的创作灵感，经过他瑰丽的想象，他把网捕鲨鱼的画面改成了吊钩钓起了大鲨鱼。《大鲨鱼》在中国第七届艺术节上获得佳评，蔡成世被评为“中国现代民间绘画优秀画家”，此画并被浙江省美术馆收藏。蔡成世的画技越来越成熟，构图越来越巧妙，获奖也越来越多。他画的《目鱼戏鲨》在全国农民画展中获奖，《摇大楫》《连年有余》等亦都频频获奖。眼下蔡成世仍然开着渡轮，但热爱渔民画。经过潜移默化，如今他的儿子也跟着学画。

女渔民画家赵明珠是岱山小学的美术老师，经常带小学生去海滨、渔港写生。她是大海的女儿，有段时间她住在外婆家，一开门就看见浩瀚的大海，于是她常常和其他女孩一起在海边玩耍、到海里钓蟹。蟹笼全由自己动手做，将蟹笼绑上石头，沉到海里，十多分钟之后捞起蟹笼，里面总会有蟹钻进来，多则十几只，少的也有四五只。大海向她提供了画不完的素材，赵明珠的渔民画《扎蟹笼》就是描写儿时愉快的海滨生活。赵明珠善于感悟生活，她感到渔家女有代代相传的勤劳，有海岛生活的艰辛，有离不开鱼的生存状态，于是就想画一幅别具一格的渔家女。酝酿良久，灵感的火花终于突然爆发，她赶忙在灯下展纸挥笔，借助丰富的想象，运用抽象的画法，画就了一幅《渔家女》：画中她将鱼与人结合在一起，渔家女飘飞的长发像是大海的波纹，两条手臂就是两条鱼，胸前左右两侧是两条圆形的鱼，衣裙也是由鱼编织而成的，周围亦都是各式各样的鱼，这位渔家女真是不同一般的美人鱼！

《渔家女》和另一幅《晒虾有伴》都获得省“新作奖”。晒虾是海岛上常见的劳动镜头，赵明珠几经构思，采取俯视的角度将三个晒虾人与装满红红虾干的圆形竹簟构成一个美丽的图案。赵明珠不仅自己画作迭出，还培养出二三百名画渔民画学生。

岱山渔民画在表现手法上突破了旧的传统创作模式，绘画形式、尺幅、取材适合海岛环境特点，体现了渔民性格趣味。王晓安的渔民画利用海岛比比皆是的细沙，将它调上颜料便作为绘画材料，因而他所创作的渔民画有浮雕感，冲击力强，这不失为绘画形式上的突破和创作模式上的创新。王晓安对于岛上的渔俗、船俗和潮俗都了然于胸：如渔船船头两侧装有一对眼睛那是表明航向；渔民下海要放两个炮仗，这是预祝大吉大利；新船下水要放两次鞭炮，每次放六个，表示六六顺风……，由于对渔民生活的熟悉，使王晓安的渔民画富有民俗氛围和生活气息。他画的《横街鱼市》中有抬鱼的、称鱼的、买鱼的、卖鱼的、吃鱼的、晒鱼干的，这真是一幅热气腾腾的渔岛生活图景！《船倌老爷请客》中的船倌，戴着船头面具，祈求四季兴旺，这是一幅活脱脱的渔民风俗画。他那独具一格的沙画，构图精巧，设色鲜艳，极有质感，得到了很高评价。

岱山渔民画家队伍涌现出的戎建军、孙秋燕、周琼、赵鹏菲等，也一个个成绩斐然，画艺不俗，令人刮目相看。

岱山县早在1983年就被文化部命名为“中国现代民间绘画之乡”，渔民画早就盛名于全国。由于岱山渔民画频频在国内外展出和获奖，至今已有100多幅画作在澳大利亚、日本、德国、瑞典、挪威、西班牙、比利时和美国等展出，有些作品还被中国美术馆收藏，并编入《中国当代美术全集》、《中国民间绘画全集》和《中国现代民间绘画》。

Fishermen Paint Their Lives

By Zhao Zheng, our staff reporter

People in Daishan of Zhoushan Archipelago in East China Sea traditionally live on the sea. The local folk artists find passion in creating paintings that recapture the charm of the sea and their lives.

Cai Chengshi, an experienced skipper, stands out as a folk painter. Hisartist career dates back to 1983 when he was 17 years old and just started working as a fisherman that year. One day, he came back from the sea and met a quiet man wearing glasses at the port. The man was an art director from the county’s cultural center and asked if there was anyone in the village who might take interest in painting. Cai was curious and wanted to know more. One thing led to another and Cai took part in a training class at the county capital for two months.

It turned out that Cai has a sharp eye and genius for art. His very first creation Birthday depicted a birthday celebration for an old man in the village. The painting was awarded the top prize at a provincial art show and it was bought by a foreigner when it was on show in Beijing. Later he created many other paintings that depicted the fishermen’s lives and won many accolades. Nowadays, Cai works on a ferry and his son has begun to learn to paint.

Zhao Mingzhu is an eminent female folk artist. A teacher of art at a local primary school in Daishan, she often takes her pupils to sketch outdoors. She used to live with her grandmother on a fishing village and played with other girls. One thing they did together was to make crab cages and sink them into the sea to catch crabs. As an artist, the young teacher recreated the scene of her childhood years in a painting. Her paintings Fisherman’s Daughter and Drying Shrimps in the Sun won new artists’ awards in the province. So far, Zhao has taught 200 fishermen how to paint.

Wang Xiao’an is another outstanding fisherman artist. He is different because he uses the fine sand available everywhere on the island and mixes it with pigment as a painting material. As the result, his paintings show a relief effect in bright colors.

The three artists are just part of a large group of folk artists who paint in their spare time. As a whole team, their collective achievement has become a cultural and art phenomenon. As early as 1983, Daishan was named by the Ministry of Culture as a home of China’s modern folk artistsÓ. More than 100 of their artworks have been exhibited in foreign countries and some are in the collection of the China Art Museum.

(Translated by David)