强调句型及其考查形式
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摘 要： 本文分析了学生学习强调句型的一些困惑， 结合近年来的高考和模拟题，探讨了强调句型的用法，主要从强调的结构、强调句和定语从句结合、强调句和名词性从句结合，强调句和状语从句的区别，强调句的省略等方面，对强调句型的重要考点作了分析和总结。
强调句型是语法学习的重点和难点之一，也是高考英语试题中的重要考查内容。强调句型的考查形式灵活多变，有时和定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句结合在一起，学生会觉得结构很难。为此，笔者就强调句型的考查形式作了归纳。
一、强调句型的基本结构及判断依据
1.强调句型的结构
2.强调句型的判断依据
判断一个句子是否是强调句型，只需把It is/was...that...去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能组成一个完整的句子，就是强调句型，否则就不是。
【高考链接】
（1）It was 80 years before Columbus crossed the Atlantic ？摇 ？摇 Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.（2012重庆）
A.when B. that C.after D. since
（2）—Was it by cutting down staff？摇 ？摇 she saved the firm？
—No， it was by improving work efficiency.（2012上海）
A.when B. what C.how D.that
[解析]第1题选B。去掉it was that还原的句子是Zheng He had sailed to East Africa 80 years before Columbus crossed the Atlantic，完全成立，是强调句型。第2题选D，句子还原成She saved the firm by cutting down staff，是对方式状语强调。
（3）—？摇 ？摇 that he managed to get the information？
—Oh，a friend of his helped him.（2005山东卷）
A. What was it B.What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
[解析]第3题选C，根据回答，说明是对方式的强调，还原句子是How did he manage to get the information？
二、考查It is/was not until...that...句型
not...until表示“直到……才”，如果对这个时间状语进行强调，则可构成强调句型It is/was not until...that...，表示直到……才，可以用以下句型：
【例题链接】
It was not until near the end of the letter？摇 ？摇 she mentioned her own plan.（2013天津）
A.that B.where C. why D.when
[解析]选A，直接考查not until的强调句型。
三、强调句型和定语从句（或者分词）的混合
有时一个句子中既包含强调句型，又在被强调的词后加一个分词短语或者定语从句修饰限制，这就加大了学生分析句子结构的难度，学生应从整体上把握句子结构。
【例题链接】在横线处填入恰当的词：
（1）It was from only a few supplies ？摇 ？摇she had bought in the village ？摇 ？摇 the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.（2010安徽卷改编）
[解析]本题整体上是强调句型，第2个空填that，强调句，还原句子是The hostess cooked such a nice dinner from only a few supplies。第1空是在被强调词supplies后加定语从句修饰，先行词带入定语从句，She had bought a few supplies in the village作定语从句的宾语，所以填that/which/省略。
（2）It is exactly the way ？摇 ？摇we speak ？摇 ？摇 makes our teacher angry. We should be more polite next time. （成都2009届诊断性检测）
[解析] 本题整体上是强调句型。第2个空填that，强调句型。第1空填that/in which/省略，是被强调的词the way的定语从句，先行词带入定语从句中作方式状语，We speak in this way。
四、强调句型和名词性从句的结合
在复杂的强调句型结构中，有时会将名词性从句和强调句型结合。一种是整个强调句型用作名词性从句，尤以作动词后的宾语从句居多。另外一种是强调句型中含有名词性从句。
特别是当强调句型对疑问词强调且用作名词性从句，如动词后的宾语从句的时候，要注意把原来的疑问语序改为陈述语序。
（1）Most of us still wonder ？摇 ？摇 it is ？摇 ？摇 makes those honest peasant workers， without being paid at all， resign themselves to the bosses.（2012苏北四市零模）
A. what； that B./；what C.that； what D./；that
[解析]答案A。强调句型对疑问词what强调，去掉it is that句子是what makes those workers...？整个强调句作wonder的宾语，所以要注意用陈述语序。
（2）It was at the very beginning ？摇 ？摇Mr. Fox made the decision ？摇 ？摇 we should send more firefighters there.
A. when； which B. where； what C. then； so D. that； that
[解析]答案D。 第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。
五、强调句型与状语从句的区别
1.强调句和when时间状语从句的区别
（1）It was April 29， 2011？摇 ？摇Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. （2011福建卷）
（2）It was on April 29， 2011？摇 ？摇Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
[解析] 第1题答案是B，是时间状语从句。主句是It was April 29， 2011，it表示时间，意为当……时，时间是4月29号。第2题答案是A，是强调句。
2.强调句和since， before状语从句的区别
It is/has been two years since I did sth...自从……以来有多久了。It will （not） be a long time beforedo/does sth 将要过很久后才……/不久后就……It was two years beforedid sth 过了两年才……
例（3）It was two years ago that he joined the Army.强调句
（4）It is /has been two years since I graduated.时间状语从句
（5）It was two days before he headed for Shanghai.时间状语从句
（6）It was two days later that he headed for Shanghai.强调句
六、强调句型中主谓一致的考查
强调句型对句子的主语强调，且主语是由rather than，not ...but...等连接的平行对比结构，此时要注意主谓一致。
It is not A but B that （that后的动词与B保持一致）It is A not B that...（that后的动词与A保持一致）It is A rather than B that...（that后的动词与A保持一致）
【例题】
It’s you， I think， rather than your wife who are to blame for your son’s bad behavior.
七、强调句型中反义疑问句的考查
It is/was...that的反义疑问句用isn’t it或wasn’t it。
八、强调句型中的be动词和情态动词的结合
It may be+ 被强调部分+ that...It must have been+被强调部分+ that... Would/ Could it be +被强调部分+that...？
【例题】
It might have been John ？摇 ？摇bought a new book for Mary yesterday.
A. what B. since C. that D. then
[解析]答案为C，强调句型。
九、强调句型的省略
【例题】
—Who is making so much noise in the garden？
—？摇 ？摇the children.
A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are
[解析]选A，是强调句型It is the children who is making so much noised的省略。
参考文献：
[1]曲一线.五年高考三年模拟·2013B[M].首都师范大学出版社，教育科学出版社，2013.
[2]薄冰.高级英语语法[M].北京：高等教育出版社，1990.