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在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定,则要看句子的意思。多数情况下,根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内容。下面我就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释
一.谓语动词用单数
1.表示度量、时间、重量、距离等概念的复数名词做主语时, 常被看作一个整体, 谓语动词用单数形式。
例1. Ten thousand dollars is a large sum of money.
一万美元是一大笔钱。
例2. Ten minutes seems a long time for one who waits.
对等候者来说,十分钟已经够长了。
2.合成代词 “some (any, no, every) +thing (body, one)”做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例: Nobody knows anything about it.
没人知道那件事。
3.由 “each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other”做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例: Either of the rooms is big enough.
每间屋子都非常大。
4.由限定词 “either, neither, each, every, many a, more than one” 等所修饰的名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例1. Every man, woman, and child in this city is now aware of the result of the terrible accident.
这座城市的每一个人都意识到了这次可怕事故的后果。
例2. Many a soldier has died in that battle.
在那场战争中许多战士战死疆场。
例3. More than one person is involved in this.
不止一人参与此事。
说明:如果more than one 后又出现了其他修饰语,如hundred, thousand,million等,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
More than one hundred students are from the south in our university.
我校有一百多名学生来自南方。
5.由“each…and each…, every…and every…, many a…and many a…, no…and no…”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例1.Each boy and each girl was asked to show their identity card.要求每位男孩和女孩出示他们的身份证。
例2.No money and no food was given to him.
他既没有得到钱也没有得到食物。
6.由and连接两个主语,但指同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式。
例1. Bread and butter is her breakfast.
她的早餐通常是面包加黄油。
例2.Whisky and soda is his favorite.
威士忌和苏打水是他的最爱。
7.有些复数形式的名词,如:news, means及Athens(雅典)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例1.Athens is the capital of Greece. 雅典是希腊的首都。
例2.Good news comes. 好消息来了。
8.单个的不定式短语、动名词短语或名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例 1.To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
例2.Reading is important in second language acquisition.在二语习得中阅读是非常重要的。
例3.What he said is of no use. 他说的是废话。
说明:用 and 连接两个相同的结构时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Listening and speaking are both important for language learners. 听说对语言学习者来说,非常重要。
二.谓语动词用复数
1.有些集合名词police, cattle, poultry等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例: The police have caught the thief. 警察抓住了小偷。
2.某些复数形式的名词如:trousers, scissors, glasses, pants, shorts, tights等做主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
例:The scissors are very sharp. 这把剪刀很锋利。
说明: 以上复数名词与“a pair of”连用时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
A pair of glasses is very expensive these days. 近来一副眼镜非常昂贵。
3.both, few, many, several等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例:Several of the books have already been read. 这几本书已读过了。
4.one of + 复数名词后的定语从句中的谓语动词用复数。
例:The girl is one of the students who are good at playing the piano.
在那些擅长弹钢琴的学生中,这个女孩是其中之一。
说明:当one前有the only修饰时,定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The girl is the only one of the students who is good at playing the piano.
这个女孩是这些学生中唯一擅长弹钢琴的人。
三.谓语动词用单复数均可
1.主语是集合名词,表示一个整体概念时,谓语动词用单数形式;表示整体中的每个成员时,谓语动词则用复数形式。 常见词有:audience, family, generation, government, staff, team等。
例1.Our family has a reunion every spring festival.
每年春节我们家都团聚。
例2.His family are waiting for you.
他家每个人都在等你。
例3.The basketball team consists of 25 players.
这个篮球队由25名球员组成。
例4.The basketball team are having their meal now.
篮球队员们在聚餐。
2.Chinese, Japanese等词作主语,表示语言时,谓语动词用单数形式;表示人时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例1. Chinese is difficult to learn. 汉语很难学。
例2.Chinese are very hospitable. 中国人非常好客。
3.以-ics结尾的词作主语,表示学科,谓语动词用单数形式;表示特定事物时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例1.Statistics is a branch of mathematics.
统计学是数学的一个分支。
例2.The statistics are accurate.
这些统计资料是精确的。
4. “the+形容词”作主语时,表示个别人时,谓语动词用单数形式;表示某一类人或笼统的、抽象的意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例1.The old are respected by the young.
老人受到年轻人的尊敬。
例2.The accused is involved in the case.
被告涉嫌了这起案件。
5.用and 连接的两个名词作主语,表示是同一人或事物,谓语动词用单数;表示不同的人或事物时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例1.The singer and dancer is from Dunhuang.
这名集歌唱与表演于一身的演员来自敦煌。
例2.The singer and the dancer are from Dunhuang.
这名歌唱演员与舞蹈演员都来自敦煌。
6.“the number of +名词或代词结构” 作主语时,谓语动词用单数; 但“a number of +名词结构”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例1.The number of the books is more than 400,000 in our school library.我校图书馆有40多万册藏书。
例2.A number of books are written in English in our school library. 我校图书馆大部分藏书都是英文版的。
1.由not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,通常采用邻近一致原则,谓语动词的人称和数与邻近的主语人称和数一致。
例 1.Not only students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
不仅学生们而且他们的老师也喜欢这部电影。
例2.Neither your brother nor you are wrong.
你和你兄弟都错了。
例3.Either he or I am going to the park.
他或我要去公园。
例4.One or perhaps more pages are missing.
不止丢了一页。
2.由 “there + be”引导的句子,主语不止一个时,其动词 “be”与邻近的主语相一致。
例1. There is a table and two chairs in my dormitory.
在我的宿舍有一张桌子和两把椅子。
例2. There are two chairs and a table in my dormitory . 在我的宿舍有两把椅子和一张桌子。
3.most, half, part, the rest以及分数和百分数 + of短语作主语时,其谓语动词单复数与邻近的主语相一致。
例1.Half of the lake is polluted.
湖水一半被污染了。
例2.Half of the students are girls.
一半学生是女孩。
例3.Seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered with water. 地球表面百分之七十是海洋。
4.关系代词who, which, that 在定语从句中作主语, 从句中谓语动词的数与先行词一致。
例:Li Ming is the brightest student who has graduated from this university.
李明是这所大学最聪明的毕业生。
5.主语后带有as well as, along with, together with, rather than, but, except 等引起的介词短语时,谓语动词的单复数和主语的单复数相一致。
例 1.A doctor, together with two nurses, has been sent to that faraway mountain village to help the sick people.一名医生和两名护士被派到边远山区救助病人。
例2.We, except Xiao Wang are cleaning the classroom.除了小王,大家都在打扫卫生。