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状语从句的四大疑点

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疑点一:如何区别when,while与as?

这三个词都可以引导时间状语从句,各有侧重点。

1.when的常见考点

(1)表示“当……的时候”,侧重于表示在某一时间点,引导时间状语从句。如:

It was already 10:00 p.m. when I finished the work.

(2)表示“正在那时,突然”,相当于and at that time,常构成以下几个句型:be about to do sth. when和be on the point of doing sth. when表示“即将做某事,突然……”,was/were doing sth. when表示“正在做某事,突然……”,had just done sth. when表示“刚做完某事,突然……”。这些句型中的when不能用as和while来替换。如:

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.

(3)考查句型hardly/scarcely/barely...when,表示“一……就”,此句型如果将副词hardly/scarcely/barely放在句首,要构成部分倒装。如:

Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

例1 Because of the heavy traffic,it was already time for lunch break _______ she got to her office.

A. since B. that C. when D. until

解析:答案为C。考查状语从句的引导词。结合句意可知,此处应为when引导的时间状语从句,正确答案为C。

2.while的常见考点

(1)表示“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句(从句动作必须是延续性的),此时可用when替换。如:

Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.

(2)表示“虽然,尽管”,相当于although,引导让步状语从句(常把while放在句首)。

While she is a top student,she has some shortcomings.

(3)表示“只要,如果”,相当于as long as,引导条件状语从句。

While you study hard,your effort will pay off.

(4)表示“而,然而”,表示对比或相反的情况。

He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.

例2 Mary made coffee _______ her guests were finishing their meal.

A. so that B. although

C. while D. as if

解析:答案为C。考查连词的用法。so that意为“以便”,表示目的,although意为“尽管,虽然”,as if意为“好像”,while意为“当……的时候”,结合句意可知选C。

例3 It isn’t just fair _______ I was working as a waiter last month,my friends were lying on the beach.

A. whenever B. though

C. for D. while

解析:答案为D。考查连词辨析。根据句意,I和my friends前后进行对比。though意为“尽管”,仅表示转折而无对比之意;while意为“然而”,既可以表示转折,又可以表示对比。

3.as的常见考点

(1)表示“一边……一边”或“随着……”,引导时间状语从句(强调主从句动作同时进行)。

John sings as he works.

Jim’s blindness was getting worse as he was getting older.

(2)表示“因为”,引导原因状语从句。

As you weren’t there,I left a message.

(3)表示“尽管,即使,虽然”,引导让步状语从句,构成部分倒装,其方式为:把从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词放到句首,且如果名词前有不定冠词或形容词前有very等修饰语,应省去。

Child as he is,he is very brave.

例4 He smiled politely _______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.

A. as B. if C. unless D. though

解析:答案为A。考查as引导的时间状语从句。

疑点二:如何区别though,although与as?

though,although与as都可以引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。其中,although引导的从句不能用倒装,though引导的从句可以倒装,也可以不倒装,as引导的从句必须用倒装。

Young as/though I am,I already know what career I want to follow.

该句可转化为:Though/Although I am young,I already know what career I want to follow.

例5 Hot _______ the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.

A. although B. as C. while D. however

解析:答案为B。考查as引导的让步状语从句中使用部分倒装。

疑点三:如何区别where,when引导的状语从句和其他从句?

where,when均可以引导名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句,分别在从句中表示地点和时间。具体区别如下:

1.where引导地点状语从句时,常译为“在……地方”,表示具体地点时,从句可放在主句之前,用逗号和主句隔开;表示抽象地点时,只能放在主句之后。where引导名词性从句时,常译为“在哪儿,在哪里”。where引导定语从句时,常译为“在那儿(先行词所指的地方)”,其先行词往往为表示地点的名词。特别需要记忆的是在一些名词(如situation,point,case,stage,scene等)后也常用where引导定语从句,此时where相当于in which。

例6 It’s helpful to put children in a situation _______ they can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when C. which D. where

解析:答案为D。考查定语从句中关系词的选择。先行词是situation,指物,也可指地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where,此处可用in which替换。

2. when引导时间状语从句时,常译为“当……的时候”,可以放在主句之前,用逗号和主句隔开,也可放在主句之后;引导名词性从句时,常译为“何时,什么时候”;引导定语从句时,常译为“在那时(先行词所指的时间)”,其先行词往往为表示时间的名词,常用in/on/at/during which代替。

例7 Peter was so excited _______ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.

A. where B. that C. why D. when

解析:答案为D。若用so...that结构,则句意不符合逻辑。此处为when引导的时间状语从句。

疑点四:状语从句和主句的时态有什么关联?

状语从句的时态和主句的时态在一些特定的情况下有一定的关联。

1.表示“将来”意义的条件、时间和让步状语从句中多用一般现在时,而主句用一般将来时或主句为祈使句,即“主将从现”。如:

If it rains tomorrow,the appointment will be put off.

2.since 引导的时间状语从句多用一般过去时,而含有since从句的主句通常用现在完成时。如:

I haven’t met her since I left university.

3.在hardly/scarcely...when和no sooner...than句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。如:

She had hardly sat down when the phone rang.

4.在as if/though引导的状语从句中,如果表示与事实相反的虚拟,从句多用一般过去时表示现在的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况。如:

She stared at me as if I were a complete stranger.

例8 If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring,you _______ fresh watermelon in the fall.

A. eat B. would eat

C. have eaten D. will be eating

解析:答案为D。根据句意可以判断这是真实的条件状语从句,根据从句用的是一般现在时,可知主句应该为将来时will be eating。