流行世界的人造食品

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一. 人造牛肉

今年8月，世界上首个用实验室培养皿中培育出来的人造牛肉制成的汉堡在英国伦敦闪亮登场。这块小小的人造牛肉是荷兰马斯特里赫特大学Mark Post教授七年研究的成果。他带领研究人员从牛的肌肉组织中分离出干细胞，放入营养液中，促进其生长和增殖。在会现场，研究人员首先用红甜菜根汁和藏红花为人造牛肉着色，以求达到以假乱真的效果。

二. 人造鸡蛋

由位于美国加州旧金山市区的Hampton Creek公司研发的一种可以替代鸡蛋的人造食材日前在全美国各大超市上架出售。据该公司创办人及首席执行官乔希・泰特里克向记者介绍，这种名为“超越鸡蛋”的安全食材主要由从包括黄豆在内的豆类植物中提取的蛋白质构成，可以取代传统鸡蛋，广泛使用在面包、蛋糕、蛋黄酱、鸡蛋面等食品的制造过程中。

三.人造海味

仿生食品产量最大的是海洋仿生食品，它是以低值鱼为原料经加工为鱼糜，并以此为原料，从形状、风味、营养等方面模仿天然海洋食品，而制取的一类海洋“仿生”食品。如各种鱼丸是最常见的海洋“仿生”食品，此外，还有虾球、虾仁、蟹肉、蟹足棒、蟹黄丸、蟹钳、干贝等，市场上此类产品一般都属于“仿生”食品或“模拟”食品。

四.人造大米

印度尼西亚人对大米的需求量在全世界范围内都能排到前列，而为了应对将来可能面临的食品危机，印尼的科学家们研发出了一种人造大米。他们把在印尼十分常见的碳水化合物食品，如高粱、玉米、木薯、山药等混合在一起，进行加工后用改良的挤压机挤压，然后烹饪和塑形，把这些混合在一起的成分制作成人造大米。

五.人造发菜

早在1996年，中国就已经发明出人造发菜，并成功申请获得国家专利证书。人造发菜的主要原料有淀粉、海藻酸钠等，营养成分与天然发菜差之千里。厂家先将原料配齐放在原料锅中，再由搅拌机搅拌均匀，通过加温、泥浆泵加压，被搅匀的原料通过激光打出的几十个洞孔穿射而出，喷进一个大水槽中冷却后，再经过冷冻、切割、粘沙、晾晒等一系列程序，就生产出千丝万缕的黑色人造发菜。

1. Man-made beef

In August of this year， the world's first burger made of artificial beef cultivated in laboratory petri dish came into being in London， England. This small piece of artificial beef is the achievement of Professor Mark Post from Dutch Maastricht University who spent seven years on it. He led other researchers to isolate stem cells from bovine muscle tissues， and put them in the nutrient solution to promote growth and proliferation. In this event， researchers firstly dyed the artificial beef with red beet root juice and saffron color to achieve an actual effect.

2. Man-made eggs

Artificial eggs made by Hampton Creek Company located in downtown San Francisco， California， USA came onto big supermarket shelves for sale. According to the company's founder and chief executive officer Josh Tetley， this "beyond egg" is made of ingredients extracted from legumes including soy protein， which can replace traditional eggs and are widely used in the manufacturing process of making bread， cakes， mayonnaise and egg noodles.

3. Man-made seafood

In the field of Bionic food， marine bionic foods are the largest in terms of production， it is a "bionic" sea food made from low value fish as raw material and mimics natural sea food in shape， flavor and nutrition. For example， all kinds of fish meat balls are the most common ocean "bionic" foods. In addition， there are shrimp balls， shrimp flesh， crab， crab foot rods， crab roe， crab pliers and scallop， etc. These products are generally "bionic" or "analog" food.

4. Man-made rice

Indonesians have a large demand for rice. In order to respond to the food crisis they may face in the future， Indonesian scientists have developed a kind of artificial rice. They put together carbohydrate foods， such as sorghum， corn， cassava and Chinese yam， which are very common in Indonesia， and then process them in improved extruder extrusion machines， cooking and shaping them to make artificial rice.

5. Man-made hair weeds

As early as 1996， China developed artificial hair weeds， and successfully obtained a national patent certificate. The main raw materials of making artificial hair weeds include starch and sodium alginate， whose nutrient content cannot compare with that of natural weeds. Manufacturers put all raw materials in a pot， then they let them go through blender mixing and heating， and materials will spray through dozens of holes. They come into a large tank and after freezing， cutting， sticking sand and airing， artificial hair weeds are finally produced.