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1. 这本小说我已读了三遍。
误.I’ve read the novel the third time:
正.I’ve read the novel a third time:
析.要表示数量或序数的增加,在序数词前用不定冠词。又如:He saw a second plane: 他又看到了第二架飞机。
2.他在公共汽车后面追,并追上了。
误.He ran after the bus, and could catch it:
正.He ran after the bus, and was able to catch it:
析.表示过去特定情况下的能力,可用 was (were) able to 而不能用 could,不过这种差异在否定句中便不存在了。如:He ran after the bus but wasn’t able to [couldn’t] catch it:
3.我正要上床睡觉,这时电话铃响了。
误.I was about to going to bed when the telephone rang:
正.I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang:
析.be about to do sth是习语,其意为“正要做某事”,此处的about(有的词典认为是形容词)之后通常应接不定式,不接 to doing sth。
4. 他接受过良好的教育。
误.He accepted a good education:
正.He received a good education:
析.虽然在通常情况下,accept=接受,receive=收到,但并不是说汉语中所有的“接受”都可用 accept 来对译。
5.他做这事是偶然的,还是故意的?
误.Did he do it on accident or by purpose?
正.Did he do it by accident or on purpose?
析.by accident是习语,表示“偶然地”;on purpose也是习语,表示“故意地”,注意两者介词的搭配不能混淆。
6.你怎么解释事故的原因?
误.How can you account the accident?
正.How can you account for the accident?
析.account用作动词时,表示“认为”,是及物动词;表示“解释”“说明”等,是不及物动词,若需后接宾语,通常借助介词 for。
7.不要杞人忧天。
误.Don’t across the bridge until you come to it:
正.Don’t cross the bridge until you come to it:
正.Don’t walk across the bridge until you come to it:
析.across 是介词或副词(不是动词),cross是动词。
8.你要想卖掉你的产品,你就得为此登广告。
误.If you want to sell your product you must advertise for it:
正.If you want to sell your product you must advertise it:
析.advertise for sth (sb)意为“登广告征求或寻找某物或某人”(此时 advertise是不及物动词);若要表示“为……登广告”或“登广告宣传……”,advertise是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语。
9.他建议早点离开。
误.He advised to leave early.
正.He advised leaving early.
析.advise (建议)之后不能用不定式作宾语,但可接不定式的复合结构作宾语。如.He advised me to leave early. 他建议我早点离开。注意这类句型的被动语态:You would be well advised to stay indoors:你最好呆在家里。
10. 气候变化会影响你的健康。
误.The change in climate will effect your health:
正.The change in climate will affect your health:
析.affect 和 effect 两者都可以表示“影响”,但用作此义时,affect 是动词,而 effect是名词。虽然 effect 有时也用作动词,但它不表示“影响”,而表示“实现”“产生”等。
11.这些方法适用于英语学习。
误.These methods apply to learn English:
误.These methods apply for learning English:
正:These methods apply to learning English:
析.apply 表示“适用”,通常为不及物动词,要表示“适用于……”,通常用介词 to,不用 for。另外,因 to 是介词,所以其后接动词时用动名词。