没有亚斯纳亚波利亚纳,就没有托尔斯泰

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俄罗斯是一个盛产文豪的国度，罗蒙诺索夫、普希金、赫尔岑、果戈理、车尔尼雪夫斯基、契诃夫、屠格涅夫、陀思妥也夫斯基……名单好长好长。我们有理由相信，俄罗斯这片广阔的沃土散布着某种让文学基因强势繁殖的种子。

We focus on the estate of Yasnaya Polyana, the family home of the world-famous writer Leo Tolstoy.

Reporter: The Close Up crew and I are enjoying the tranquility and the history of Yasnaya Polyana in the 1)Tula region. This is the hometown of famous Russian writer turned activist Leo Tolstoy, and we are actually standing on the Tolstoy estate, where the artist was born and where he wrote some of his most famous works, including War and Peace. And behind me is the tree-lined Birch Alley, that he writes about in War and Peace and this alley leads up to the Tolstoy home, which is now a museum. Now these grounds and the city that’s surround it served as a muse for the artist, who is buried on this estate. And to join me now to talk about Yasnaya Polyana and its connection to Leo Tolstoy is a resident, a proud resident. Her name is Yola Yulyaronskaya. She’s the manager of the International Literary Projects at the museum estate for Yasnaya Polyana.

Now let’s talk a little bit about the connection that the writer had to this city.

Yola: Yeah, I think that among the most famous Russian writers we try, Chekov, Tolstoy, and Dostoyevsky. Leo Tolstoy had the most rigid connection with the place where he had lived, and the place was Yasnaya Polyana, so we should say that this rigid connection was expressed in his own words. He said that “There won’t be the Tolstoy without Yasnaya Polyana.”

Reporter: And here’s more on the legacy of Leo Tolstoy, the writer and the humanitarian.

Yasnaya Polyana, it’s a place of pilgrimage for lovers, for aspiring writers, and for readers moved by the words penned by Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy. Visitors come to connect with the author and to see the home that shaped his life, the place where he wrote works like Anna Karenina, works that have captured periods in time, works that have also endured. This is where Tolstoy wrote the first chapters of War and Peace. His great, great grandson, Vladimir, is the estate’s director. He gave me a tour of the home, which is now a museum. For the younger Tolstoy, overseeing the grounds means preserving a national legacy.

Vladimir: It is important to me personally, it is important to Russia and the whole of humanity, because Tolstoy’s ideas are very relevant today: his ideas about non-violence, complex state government and a person’s relationship with religion.

Reporter: One hundred years after his death, Leo Tolstoy continues to inspire the world through his deeds and his works.

我们把目光投向世界著名作家列夫·托尔斯泰的故居，位于亚斯纳亚波利亚纳的庄园。

记者：亚斯纳亚波利亚纳地处图拉地区，它的宁静与历史底蕴让我与《近看》栏目的工作人员陶醉不已。这里是列夫·托尔斯泰的家乡，他是俄罗斯著名的作家，后来成为了一名社会活动家。我们现在就站在托尔斯泰家的庄园里，他在这里出生，并完成了他一些最有名的作品，其中包括《战争与和平》。在我身后是他曾经在《战争与和平》里提到的白桦树道，它一直延伸到托尔斯泰的故居。如今，他的故居已经变成了一个博物馆。这个庄园里的这些地方和它所在的城市是这位作家创作的灵感源泉，他死后也葬在庄园里。现在与我一起讨论亚斯纳亚波利亚纳，以及它与托尔斯泰之间关系的是一名倍感自豪的当地居民。她叫佐拉·尤利娅罗斯卡娅，她是亚斯纳亚波利亚纳博物馆庄园国际文学项目的经理。

我们现在来谈谈托尔斯泰与这座城市之间的关系。

佐拉：好的，我觉得在俄罗斯最有名的作家当中，比如契诃夫、托尔斯泰、陀思妥也夫斯基等，列夫·托尔斯泰与他生活的地方有着最紧密的联系，也就是亚斯纳亚波利亚纳。因此，我们知道他也用自己的话表明了这种紧密的联系。他曾说：“没有亚斯纳亚波利亚纳，就没有托尔斯泰。”

记者：我们再看看作家兼慈善家的列夫·托尔斯泰给我们留下了什么。

亚斯纳亚波利亚纳，情侣的圣地、有雄心壮志的作家的圣地，它更是那些被俄罗斯小说家列夫·托尔斯泰的文字打动的读者们的向往之地。参观者来这里寻求与作家建立情感纽带，他们想看看塑造了他一生的家园。在这里，他写下了《安娜·卡列尼娜》，他创作了关于那个时代的作品，写下了不朽的篇章。他正是在这里完成了《战争与和平》的前几章。他的玄孙弗拉基米尔是这个庄园的负责人，他带我参观了托尔斯泰的故居，现在这个地方是一个博物馆。对于托尔斯泰年轻的后人来说，管理这个地方就意味着保护国家的一份遗产。

弗拉基米尔：这对我自己来说很重要，对俄罗斯以及全人类来说也很重要，因为托尔斯泰关于非暴力、关于综合政府体、关于人与宗教之间关系的主张到今天依然适用。

记者：在列夫·托尔斯泰离开我们一百年后，他所做的一切、他的作品依旧激励着世人。