剖析完形填空 提升解题能力
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完形填空题是英语试卷上客观性试题的重要组成部分，旨在全面考查同学们综合运用语言的能力，其中包括词汇辨析能力、阅读和理解能力、逻辑推理和判断能力等。近几年的高考完形填空题基本遵循了“突出语篇、强调应用、注重交际”的命题思路，所选短文一般是从交代背景开始，逐步推进，直到高潮，最后结局，环环相扣，条理清楚，具有浓厚的生活气息。
从答题角度来说，完形填空题一般是一段意义相对完整的短文，有自己的主题思想、组织结构、逻辑关系和语言特色，所以一定要考虑清楚文章的主要线索才能顺利解答。下面以2006年高考浙江卷完形填空题为例，谈谈完形填空题解题技巧。
One man was to meet his wife downtown and spend some time shopping with her. He waited 1 for 15 minutes. Then he waited impatiently for 15 minutes more. After that, he became 2 . When he saw a photograph booth (照相亭) nearby, he had 3 . He wore the most unhappy expression he could manage, which was not 4 in the situation. In a few moments, he was holding four small prints that 5 even him.
He wrote his wife’s name on the back of the photos and handed them to a 6 behind the desk in the booth.
“ 7 you see a small, dark lady with brown eyes and an apologetic expression, obviously 8 someone, would you please give her this?” he said. He then 9 his office in Morrison Building, 10 that if a picture is worth a thousand words, then the four photos must be a good 11 ! He sat down with a smile.
His wife 12 those pictures. She carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who asks if she is married ...
How are you with 13 ? One person calls it “wait training”. It seems that there is always something we are 14 . We wait on traffic and we wait in lines. We wait to hear about a new job. We wait to complete school. We wait for someone to change his or her mind.
Patience is an important 15 of a happy and rewarding life.16 , some things are worth waiting for. 17 presents many opportunities for wait training.
We can hate waiting,18 it or even get good at it! But one thing is 19 ― we cannot avoid it. How is your 20 coming along?
1. A. proudly B. respectfully C. patiently D. curiously
2. A. angry B. hungry C. frightened D. thirsty
3. A. a question B. a reason C. an opinion D. an idea
4. A. serious B. difficult C. regular D. convenient
5. A. hurt B. encouraged C. attracted D. shocked
6. A. clerk B. secretary C. passer-by D. friend
7. A. Since B. Before C. As D. If
8. A. looking for B. working for C. sending for D. paying for
9. A. called up B. returned to C. visited D. left
10. A. worried B. disappointed C. satisfied D. surprised
11. A. description B. preparation C. excuse D. lecture
12. A. tore B. saved C. developed D. destroyed
13. A. your wife B. your family C. patience D.determination
14. A. hoping for B. waiting for C. ready for D. fit for
15. A. lesson B. experience C. purpose D. quality
16. A. For example B. After all C. Right now D. So far
17. A. Every age B. Every shop C. Every day D. Every office
18. A. accept B. control C. change D. improve
19. A. certain B. interesting C. precious D. easy
20. A. photo taking B. job hunting C. decision making D. wait training
参考答案：
1～5 CADBD6～10 ADABC
11～15 DBCBD16～20 BCAAD
1. 通览全文，把握主题
通览全文旨在从整体上把握全文，了解短文的主题和大意、作者的观点和思路、文章的线索等信息，注意短文中反复出现的主题词。运用“跳读”或“边读边猜”等阅读技巧，可减少短文被“挖空”所带来的理解障碍。
上面这篇例文夹叙夹议，讲述一对夫妻在生活中的一件小事，从而引出“人要学会有耐心”这一主题。整篇短文围绕patience和wait training等主题词。如由“How are you with13（patience）? One person calls it ‘wait training’”得出 “Patience is an important 15（quality） of a happy rewarding life”的结论，最后以一句“How is your 20（wait training） coming along?”结束全文。
２. 重视首句，弄清背景
一般而言，为了使读者了解事情发展的相关背景知识，短文的首句不设填空。针对这一点，做题时有必要弄懂文中具体语境中what, who, when, where, how等方面的具体信息。如：例文的首句 “One man was to meet his wife downtown and spend some time shopping with her”说明了何人、何事、何地等信息，为后文 “他”的情绪发生变化提供了背景。
又如：“He waited 1（patiently）for 15 minutes. Then he waited impatiently for 15 minutes more. After that, he became2（angry）”，由于长时间的等待，“他”变得不耐烦了，继而很生气，对待waiting的态度从patiently到impatiently，再到angry, 显示出情绪变化的递进过程，也为后文中“他”的所作所为作了铺垫。
3. 分段概括，了解结构
应认真阅读各段落的首句，因为首句是了解段落的窗口；同时也应关注尾句，因为尾句可能是对这一段的总结。事情的发展有其前后顺序或前因后果，因此段落与段落之间应该承上启下，前后呼应。准确地把握各段的大意（包括主题句）有助于把握文章的结构，了解作者的写作思路或思维方式，从而更准确地把握短文的主题。
例文共6个自然段，前3段属于“叙述”，后3段属于“议论”， 即先“叙”后“议”，结构非常清晰。此外，第4段的首句“How are you with 13 （patience） ”及第5段的首句“Patience is an important15（quality）of a happy and rewarding life”是全文的主题句。
4. 瞻前顾后，辨析词义
所谓“瞻前顾后”，就是要关注上下文，即关注语境。答题时要从整个语段的内容、组织、结构和语言特点出发，全面考虑问题，综合运用所掌握的词汇、语法等方面的知识。应确立对句子、段落和篇章的整体感觉，在此基础上仔细辨析词义，然后作出合乎逻辑的推理。
如：“His wife12(saved)those pictures”的后句是 “She carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who asks if she is married...”同学们可从carries 和 shows 等单词推断出“她” saved（保存）照片，而不是tore（撕毁），developed（冲印）或destroyed（毁坏）照片。
又如：“We can hate waiting, 18（accept）it or even get good at it!”从这一句子的上下文可以看出，“我们”对waiting的态度或情感的变化应该是从hate到even get good at it的递进过程，因而可推知accept为最佳答案。
做题时，还应关注表示逻辑关系的连词、副词和某些词组等。如：表示转折的yet, but, however, nevertheless；表示并列的and, or；表示递进、补充的moreover, besides, in addition, not only...but also...；表示原因、结果的because, as, since, due to, therefore, as a result；表示比较、对比的in comparison, like, as, in contrast, conversely, on the contrary，等等。
5. 关注搭配，兼顾常识
固定搭配题和常识题相对简单，在完形填空题中所占分量不是很大，做题时应根据上下文排除干扰。
如：“When he saw a photograph booth nearby, he had 3(an idea) .”have an idea为固定搭配。
再如：“He wrote his wife’s name on the back of the photos and handed them to a 6 (clerk) behind the desk in the booth.” 本题属于常识题，根据句意，在照相亭后面的应该是clerk（工作人员）。
6. 检查验证，自圆其说
解答完形填空题的最后程序是：复查全文，核实答案，消除疏漏。最简易可行的办法是把已选好的选项中的单词或词组代入相应的空白处，从头到尾读两遍，力求做到行文连贯、条理清楚、意义通顺。在没有把握的情况下，不要轻易改动已经选择的答案。