探访娃娃鱼养殖场

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前些日子，北京海洋馆收到浙江省一个养殖场赠送的两尾各8公斤重的名贵娃娃鱼，着实引起了媒体一阵不小的轰动。

这个地处金华著名风景区双龙洞山麓的娃娃鱼养殖场，是由浙江永强农业技术有限公司投资8000万元开发的一项新型产业。公司老板孙荣福、孙海强本是一对农民父子，他们经过多年的养殖实践，已经成为娃娃鱼养殖专家。历任金华地委书记、杭州市委书记、浙江省政协副主席的厉德馨，曾撰写《我的一位农民朋友》夸奖他们。日前，年过八旬的厉德馨还专程带领我们到孙荣福在义乌凤凰山的家进行采访，并陪同参观了双龙洞娃娃鱼养殖场。

娃娃鱼全身都是宝

娃娃鱼学名大鲵，俗称人鱼、大头鱼，国家二类保护动物。你别看它生相平平，行动迟缓，它却是比人类还要古老得多的地球居民，早在3.5亿年前，大鲵就在地球上生息繁衍。因其叫声如婴儿啼哭，故有娃娃鱼之称。它作为两栖类中个体最大的动物，曾有过体长近2米、体重逾100公斤的记载。

娃娃鱼躯干粗壮扁圆，头宽、口大、眼小，四肢粗短有蹼，头部生有疣粒，皮肤滑溜多褶，栖于山区水质清凉的小溪石缝岩洞中，我国17个省区都有其踪迹。

娃娃鱼其貌不扬，却浑身是宝。其肉质地细嫩鲜美，风味独特，含有17种氨基酸，氨基酸总量占体重的91.92%，真算得上山珍极品；其油在零下20摄氏度也不冻结，有极佳的美容、益肤功能。古人不识货，用它来点灯。《史记》曰：“始皇帝之葬也，以人鱼膏为烛。”多可惜啊!娃娃鱼全身皆可入药，对霍乱、疟疾、痢疾、贫血、老年痴呆症等有显著疗效，更是滋阴补肾、延缓衰老的珍品；作为从水生到陆生过渡的典型两栖动物，它在生物进化史上还具有非同寻常的意义和特殊的研究价值。

养殖规模全国第一

由于娃娃鱼的养殖价值巨大，因而娃娃鱼成了物欲膨胀者乱捕滥杀、疯狂追逐的目标。加之前些年生态环境每况愈下，故从上世纪70年代以来其资源量锐减，原本在我国17个省区悠然生息的古老物种，面临着前所未有的灭顶之灾。

一些有责任感的科学家为了挽救这一濒危物种，从1978年起，开展了对娃娃鱼的人工驯养繁殖研究。1996年，在家乡义乌凤凰山从事水产养殖业的孙荣福、孙海强父子，在一年卖出10万只甲鱼之后，毅然决定转产养殖娃娃鱼。建房舍、买亲鱼、引清流、求良师，第二年亲鱼产卵，他们左盼右等，就是不见鱼卵孵化。失败原因何在，原来娃娃鱼雌、雄发育不同步，二者性成熟相距15天；卵子必须在产后10分钟之内受精才有效，而又只能成活两小时。

第二年，他们通过人工调节水温的办法，调控雌雄亲鱼同步生育，结果首批28条娃娃鱼苗终于诞生。

天有不测风云，正当父子俩沉浸在成功的喜悦之中时，不知何故，包括亲鱼、幼鱼在内的“宝贝”突然死掉了一大半，2000万元的投资面临“泡汤”的危险!

父子俩细析原因，终于发现症结所在：养殖池内水质突变，汞含量严重超标。于是父子俩再一次作出惊人之举：追加投资6000万元，在水质良好的双龙洞麓兴建一个占地80亩的新养殖场，并与专业力量雄厚的中国水产科学院长江水产研究所合作，使娃娃鱼养殖业在“强强联合”中登上一个新台阶。

我们在养殖场看到，这里已拥有十多万尾娃娃鱼，仅今年就有6万尾仔鱼问世成活。养殖场营造的状若溪滩的环境，十分适宜于娃娃鱼生长。一些尚未孵化的带状鱼卵在催化，数百尾仔苗正在破壁而出，它们好些还是双胞胎呢!一些稍大的仔鱼，在水下如蝌蚪一般怡然不动，几千尾从三四公斤至十多公斤重的成年蛙娃鱼有的蠕动身躯，有的在缓慢划动长有四指的前肢和五趾的后肢。那条身长1.5米、重达28公斤的“老祖宗”却独居一室，它那棕褐色的背部长有黑斑，宽扁的头部长着疣粒，动则有气势，蛰伏也威严。

国家规定，养殖的第一代娃娃鱼禁止上市，第二代也要经过批准才能上市。累计投资已达8000万元、尚未收入分文的养殖场仍然能够正常运行，这主要靠的是孙荣福调度有方，后续资金有着落。中国科学院院士、世界著名两栖动物专家赵尔宓先生考察后指出：这里是全国规模最大的娃娃鱼养殖场，他称赞孙氏父子俩科学养殖娃娃鱼的可贵精神。

喜人的目标定能实现

现在，孙荣福、孙海强父子又提出了惊人新目标：再投入8000万元，在义乌建一个占地350亩的新养殖场，争取年产30万尾娃娃鱼。

曾经对父子俩的养殖业产生过怀疑的人们，如今已不再用疑惑的目光看待这个朴实、刻苦、诚信的家庭。他们百折不挠干一事成功一事的行动，取得了社会的信赖。想当年，孙荣福提出要承包义乌凤凰山养鱼，便遭到许多人的嘲笑：“山上也能养鱼?大头天话!”但当时的金华地委书记厉德馨和义乌县委书记谢高华却力排众议，支持孙荣福承包大半荒芜的凤凰山。结果，孙荣福以非凡的毅力垦荒山、挖鱼塘，第二年9月当几万斤鲜蹦活跳的草、鲢、鳙鱼在县城上市时，当即引起了稠城居民的巨大轰动；到了90年代初，孙荣福打算兴建大型甲鱼养殖场饲养甲鱼，有人又不以为然：“这可不是件马虎事!”然而孙荣福不信邪，他请求时任杭州市委书记的厉德馨亲自陪着去余杭取经，结果又大获成功，仅1996年就有10万只甲鱼上市；后来孙荣福父子提出要为义乌人民造福，建造全县第一个公园，此时又有人怀疑他们的动机。但是这一家子投资数百万元建起了义乌市第一个公园之后，毅然将年门票收入达四五十万元的公园无偿赠给了集体；过了几年，孙荣福又带领全家投资6000万元兴建了占地240亩的义乌乐园，为义乌人民提供了一片假日休闲的乐土。为了让全家同心协力，孙荣福把家业分成五股，自己、妻子李君芳、长子海强、次子海勇、女儿海珍各占一股，分别管理淡水养殖、房产建筑、义乌乐园及餐饮业。全家人各司其职，戮力同心，低调做人，因而无往不胜。

一系列的成功记录，让人们对这个勤劳朴实而又智慧团结的家庭刮目相看。

这一次孙荣福再次提出扩大娃娃鱼养殖计划，义乌市领导亲自陪他们选址，省政府也把这一计划列入全省重点建设项目；国家发改委还特别拨款1000万元作为建设经费。

有这样敬业奋进的家庭，有各方这样的大力支持，孙荣福父子未来的目标何愁不能实现!

A Giant Salamander Farm

By Fu Tongxian, our staff reporter

The Beijing Oceanarium has recently received two 8-kilo giant salamanders as a gift from an aquafarm in Zhejiang. The precious creatures caused a stir in the capital’s news media. The giant salamanders came from the farm located near the Double Dragon Cave, a scenic zone in central Zhejiang’s Jinhua City. Specializing in breeding giant salamanders, it is a private business named Zhejiang Yongqiang Agrotech Co., Ltd., owned and operated by Sun Rongfu and his son Sun Haiqiang.

In 1996, the father and the son decided to invest 20 million to build a giant salamander farm after a very successful business year when they sold 100,000 soft-shelled turtles.

Their ambition was grounded in their belief that giant salamanders would bring them good business. Giant salamanders appeared on earth much earlier than humans. They date back to 350 million years ago. And they are the largest amphibians on the planet. They are very valuable both as food and medicine. When the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty (221-207B.C.) was buried, the fat of giant salamanders was used to fuel the candles in his underground mausoleum. Decades ago, natural habitats of giant salamanders were found in 17 provinces across China, but later the creatures were wantonly poached and were rapidly pushed onto the verge of extinction. In the late 1970s, scientists began to breed them under artificial conditions.

Flamed by their ambition and enthusiasm and backed by the initial investment, the father and the son went into the new breeding business. But the first year was a total failure. The salamanders did not breed anything. As it turned out that there was a fifteen-day gap in sex maturity between the male and female salamanders. According to scientists, the salamander sperm lives for only two hours and fertilization effects within 10 minutes only. A fifteen-day gap meant the giant salamanders on the farm did not have a chance to produce a single baby.

In 1997, the father and the son adjusted water temperatures so that the male and female giant salamanders came into heat at the same time. Twenty-eight baby giant salamanders were born. But the ecstasy was short-lived. Most of the baby fishes and their parents died mysteriously later. After investigating the situation, the father and the son concluded that the pools had been disastrously polluted by mercury.

They decided to build a new farm near the Double Dragon Cave where water quality was excellent. The 5-hectare farm cost them another 60 million. In addition to the new site, the giant salamander farm partnered with a state research institute to solve technical problems and get technical advice.

Today, the farm is the country’s largest aquafarm for breeding giant salamanders. The number of giant salamanders has multiplied to 100,000. In 2005 alone, more than 50,000 have been bred. Thousands of adults weighing from 3 kilograms to 10 kilograms wriggle in the pools. The great grandpa salamander measures 1.05 meter in length and weighs 28 kilograms. He enjoys a separate pool of his own.

Though the state government does not allow the first-generation salamanders to be sold on the market and the sales of the second-generation giant salamanders must be approved, the farm does not encounter financial problems. The father and son are sharp entrepreneurs.

They became wealthy first by setting up a fish farm in a mountain. People stopped laughing at them when tens of thousand kilos of fish from the farm were sold in the county capital in September in the following year. In the early 1990s, the father and the son wanted to set up a large-scale soft-shelled turtle farm. Some again thought they were too ambitious and the project sounded extremely impossible. But their venture was a success again. In 1996 alone they sold more than 100,000 soft-shelled turtles. In addition to their business ventures, they built the first park in Yiwu and donated all the admission fees to public services. The family has also built a large amusement park with an investment of 60 million in Yiwu city.

This year, Sun Rongfu proposed a new giant salamander project. It has become part of the provincial government’s key projects.The State Development and Reform Commission has allotted an amount of 10 million to finance the construction.

(Translated by David)