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哮喘患者血清巨噬细胞炎症蛋白—1α的表达及其临床意义

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[摘要] 目的 观察哮喘患者巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α(MIP-1α)在血清中的表达,探讨其与哮喘严重度的关系。 方法 选取诸暨市中心医院2012年3~10月确诊为哮喘的患者80例,根据病程不同分为A组哮喘发作期患者(40例),B组哮喘缓解期患者(40例),另选取同期C组40例健康者作为对照。测定各组研究对象MIP-1α浓度、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数(EOS)和第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)占预计值百分比。 结果 ①A组血清MIP-1α表达水平为(51.2±6.4)ng/L,明显高于B组的(23.5±3.7)ng/L(t = 23.698,P = 0.000)及C组(15.1±2.8)ng/L(t = 32.683,P = 0.000);与C组比较,B组MIP-1α水平明显升高(t = 11.450,P = 0.000)。②在外周血EOS计数的比较中,A组为(0.51±0.34)×109/L,B组为(0.26±0.19)×109/L,均显著高于C组的(0.13±0.08)×109/L(tac = 11.658,Pac = 0.000;tbc = 3.988,Pbc = 0.000);与B组比较,A组明显升高(t = 4.059,P = 0.000)。③FEV1占预计值百分比的比较中,A组为(53.7±17.6)%,B组为(68.2±16.3)%均显著低于C组[(88.4±12.5)%](tac = 10.166,Pac = 0.000;tbc = 6.220,Pbc = 0.000);与B组比较,A组明显降低(t = 3.823,P = 0.000)。④A组患者血清MIP-1α浓度与外周血EOS计数之间呈正相关(r = 0.422,P < 0.01);与FEV1占预计值百分比呈负相关(r = -0.339,P < 0.05)。而B组患者血清MIP-1α浓度与外周血EOS计数及FEV1占预计值百分比之间均无显著相关关系(均P > 0.05)。 结论 哮喘发作期时血清MIP-1α表达水平明显增高,与外周血EOS计数和FEV1占预计值百分比之间存在明显的相关关系,监测血清MIP-1α的水平对哮喘具有一定的诊断价值。

[关键词] 哮喘;巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α;嗜酸性粒细胞

[中图分类号] R562.25 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2013)11(c)-0066-04

Expression and clinical significance of serum macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha of asthma

WANG Qiang1 ZHU Xinmin2

1.Department of Emergency, the Central Hospital of Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, China; 2.Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, China

[Abstract] Objective To observe the expression and clinical significance of serum macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-lα) of asthma. Methods 80 patients with asthma in the Central Hospital of Zhuji City from March to October in 2012 were selected and divided into two groups by different process of the disease. 40 onset asthmatic patients were devided into group A, the other 40 paracmastic asthmatic patients were devided into group B, another 40 health individuals were collected as group C (control group). The levels of MIP-lα, the number of eosinophilic granulocyte (EOS) and the percentage of FEV1 in prediction among three groups were measured. Results ①The level of MIP-lα in group A [(51.2±6.4) ng/L] was higher than in group B [(23.5±3.7) ng/L] and group C [(15.1±2.8) ng/L] (tab = 23.698, Pab = 0.000; tac = 32.683, Pac = 0.000). The level of MIP-lα in group B was higher than that in group C (t = 11.450, P = 0.000). ②The number of EOS in group A [(0.51±0.34)×109/L] and in group B [(0.26±0.19)×109/L ] were both higher than in group C [(0.13±0.08)×109/L] (tac = 11.658, Pac = 0.000; tbc = 3.988, Pbc = 0.000). The number of EOS in group A was higher than in group B (t = 4.059, P = 0.000). ③The level of the percentage of FEV1 in prediction in group A [(53.7±17.6) %] and in group B [(68.2±16.3) %] were both lower than in group C [(88.4±12.5) %] (tac = 10.166, Pac = 0.000; tbc = 6.220, Pbc = 0.000). The level of the percentage of FEV1 in prediction in group A was higher than that in group B (t = 3.823, P = 0.000). ④There was positive correlation was found between MIP-1α and the number of EOS in group A (r = 0.422, P < 0.01); the negative correlation was found between MIP-1α and the percentage of FEV1 in prediction in group A (r = -0.339, P < 0.05). No correlation between MIP-1α and the number of EOS was found, no correlation between MIP-1α and the percentage of FEV1 in prediction was found (all P > 0.05). Conclusion The level of MIP-1α increases in period of onset asthma, and has correlation with the number of EOS and the percentage of FEV1 in prediction. It has a certain value to monitor the level of MIP-1α in serum.

[Key words] Asthma; Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha; Eosinophilic granulocyte

哮喘是一种发病机制复杂的高反应性疾病,目前研究表明[1-3],其与气道炎症密切相关。巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α(MIP-1α)是一种趋化细胞因子,在哮喘炎性过程中MIP-1α由嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、肺泡巨噬细胞和肥大细胞产生。近年来关于MIP-1α有许多研究,郭盛等[4]研究表明,过敏原诱导的小鼠哮喘中气道MIP-1α的水平有所升高。国外研究者在检测了哮喘患者肺泡灌洗液及鼻吸出物MIP-1α的水平后发现,其浓度明显增加[5-6]。本研究通过观察哮喘患者MIP-1α在血清中的表达,探讨其与哮喘严重度的关系,希望为临床诊断和治疗提供依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1一般资料

选取2012年3~10月诸暨市中心医院确诊为哮喘的患者80例,根据全球哮喘防治创议(GI-NA2006版)制定的标准[7],将患者分为两组,A组40例为哮喘发作期患者,其中男22例,女18例,平均年龄(39.2±9.8)岁;B组40例为哮喘缓解期患者,其中男21例,女19例,平均年龄(38.7±10.2)岁。另选取此期间体检的健康者40例为C组作为对照,其中男20例,女20例,平均年龄(40.1±9.6)岁。入选标准:①哮喘患者至少1个月内未接受过糖皮质激素药物或免疫抑制治疗;②体检健康者无过敏史;③研究前8 h内哮喘患者未用过β2受体激动剂。排除标准:①不符合哮喘诊断标准的患者;②有过敏性疾病者;③伴有心肺疾病、支气管疾病患者;④近1个月内有手术史伴严重感染者。三组研究对象性别构成、年龄等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。该研究经医院伦理委员会通过,所有研究对象均知情并签署知情同意书。

1.2 材料与仪器

双抗体夹心酶联免疫法(ELISA)试剂盒(MIP-1α美国Biosource公司)。Multiskan GO酶标仪(美国Thermo公司),肺功能仪(德国YAEGER公司),血常规分析仪(普朗医疗)。

1.3 研究方法

1.3.1 血清MIP-1α的测定 抽取空腹静脉血3 mL,室温放置30 min后(自凝),离心吸取血清,-20℃冻存(避免反复冻融)待测。按试剂盒说明采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ABC-ELISA)测定血清MIP-1α浓度。

1.3.2 外周血EOS计数 采外周血按常规做EOS计数,用肺功能仪测定通气功能并记录1秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)占预计值百分比。

1.4 统计学方法

采用统计软件SPSS 18.0对数据进行分析,正态分布计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,多组间比较采用方差分析,两两比较采用LSD-t检验。相关性采用直线相关分析。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 三组血清MIP-1α、外周血EOS计数及FEV1占预计值百分比变化

A组血清MIP-1α表达水平为(51.2±6.4)ng/L,明显高于B组[(23.5±3.7)ng/L](t = 23.698,P = 0.000)及C组[(15.1±2.8)ng/L](t = 32.683,P = 0.000);与C组比较,B组MIP-1α水平明显升高(t = 11.450,P = 0.000)。在外周血EOS计数的比较中,A组为(0.51±0.34)×109/L,B组为(0.26±0.19)×109/L,均显著高于C组的(0.13±0.08)×109/L(tac = 11.658,Pac = 0.000;tbc = 3.988,Pbc = 0.000);与B组比较,A组明显升高(t = 4.059,P = 0.000)。FEV1占预计值百分比的比较中,A组为(53.7±17.6)%,B组为(68.2±16.3)%,均显著低于C组(88.4±12.5)%,(tac = 10.166,Pac = 0.000;tbc = 6.220,Pbc = 0.000),与B组比较,A组也明显降低(t = 3.823,P = 0.000)。见表1。

表1 三组血清巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数

及FEV1占预计值百分比变化(x±s)

注:与B组比较,aP < 0.01;与C组比较,bP < 0.01;EOS:嗜酸性粒细胞;MIP-1α:巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α;FEV1:1秒钟用力呼气容积

2.2 哮喘患者血清MIP-1α表达水平与外周血EOS计数和FEV1占预计值百分比之间的相关性

在对哮喘患者MIP-1α与肺功能的相关性分析中,A组患者血清MIP-1α浓度与外周血EOS计数之间呈正相关(P < 0.01);与FEV1占预计值百分比呈负相关(P < 0.05)。而B组患者血清MIP-1α浓度与外周血EOS计数及FEV1占预计值百分比之间均无显著相关关系(均P > 0.05)。

表2 哮喘患者MIP-1α表达水平与外周血EOS计数

和FEV1占预计值百分比间相关性

注:EOS:嗜酸性粒细胞;MIP-1α:巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α;FEV1:1秒钟用力呼气容积

3 讨论

哮喘是一种常见的慢性多发疾病,多种细胞及细胞因子均参与其病程发展,其发病机制极为复杂[8-10]。由于哮喘的发病率和病死率逐年增高,全世界都在研究哮喘发病机制和治疗手段。近些年研究表明[11-13],哮喘属于一种气道炎症反应,其发病主要与嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,肥大细胞、淋巴细胞等参与相关。

哮喘发病过程中会产生MIP-1α,MIP-1α属于β趋化因子家族,在人第17号染色体定位基因[14]。通常情况下,MIP-1α可由单核细胞、肺泡上皮细胞、成纤维细胞、中性粒细胞等产生。哮喘发生时MIP-1α主要由嗜酸性粒细胞和肥大细胞产生[15]。有研究表明[16-17],MIP-1α与机体炎症病变密切相关,通过趋化单核细胞,诱导激活CD4+和CD8+T细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞,肥大细胞的浸润,参与炎性反应。在哮喘气道炎症反应中,MIP-1α发挥了重要作用。Xia等[18]研究表明,在过敏原导致的哮喘中,外周血的MIP-1α表达水平明显升高。Wang等[19]在对哮喘时痰液中MIP-1α含量的研究中发现,其表达水平明显升高,并且这种趋势与气道炎症的状态保持一致。本研究中哮喘患者血清中MIP-1α的含量明显高于对照组,且哮喘急性期患者MIP-1α表达水平高于哮喘缓解期患者,出现这样的结果可能的原因是:当发生哮喘时,体内嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞及淋巴细胞等多种效应细胞被激活,从而产生和释放出多种处于活化状态的炎症因子和趋化因子,其中就包括MIP-1α,因此哮喘患者的MIP-1α含量升高并且在哮喘发作的急性期升高更为明显。

哮喘与EOS浸润密切相关,因此本研究在检测了血清中MIP-1α表达的同时,也对外周血中EOS做了计数,并通过对肺功能监测来探讨其之间的相互关系。EOS的计数结果与MIP-1α的表达水平的变化呈一致的趋势,在哮喘急性期患者中EOS数量最多。国外研究也有类似结果,Malmhall等[20]研究表明,哮喘患者EOS计数明显升高。本研究在对MIP-1α与外周血EOS计数和FEV1占预计值百分比相关性的分析中发现,哮喘急性发作期患者MIP-1α与外周血EOS计数呈正相关,与FEV1占预计值百分比(代表肺功能)呈负相关,而哮喘缓解期患者与这两个指标无相关性。而陈绍平等[21]研究表明,无论是在哮喘急性期还是哮喘缓解期,痰液中MIP-1α均与外周血EOS计数有很好的相关性。哮喘缓解期血清中MIP-1α与外周血EOS及肺功能指标无相关性可能是与急性期后机体的自我调节及使用了药物之后对炎症的缓解造成的。

综上所述,MIP-1α与EOS计数和反映肺功能的FEV1占预计值百分比有着密切的关系,在临床上可以通过监测MIP-1α的水平来间接反映哮喘气道炎症的发展,为临床诊治哮喘提供依据。

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(收稿日期:2013-08-22 本文编辑:李继翔)