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非诺贝特对胰岛素抵抗大鼠血清脂联素及肿瘤坏死因子-α的影响

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[摘要] 目的:观察非诺贝特胰岛素抵抗(IR)大鼠清脂联素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响,探讨非诺贝特改善IR的机制。方法:36只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(12只)和高脂组(24只),分别给予普通饮食和高脂饮食;6周后高脂组大鼠分为非诺贝特组(F组)和高脂对照组(HF组),每组12只,分别给予非诺贝特和蒸馏水灌胃4周。以高胰岛素-正常葡萄糖钳夹技术评价胰岛素敏感性;ELISA法检测血清脂联素和TNF-α的水平。结果:HF组大鼠血清脂联素水平明显降低(P<0.05),而TNF-α水平显著升高(P<0.01),胰岛素敏感性显著下降(P<0.01)。非诺贝特治疗后,血清脂联素水平明显升高,而TNF-α水平明显下降(P<0.05),胰岛素敏感性显著增加(P<0.01)。结论:非诺贝特增加IR大鼠血清脂联素水平而降低TNF-α水平,改善IR。

[关键词] 非诺贝特;胰岛素抵抗;脂联素;肿瘤坏死因子-α

[中图分类号] R446.1[文献标识码]A [文章编号]1673-7210(2009)06(c)-024-02

Effects of Fenofibrate on the serum levels of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor α in rats with insulin resistance

LI Jie, ZHAO Weihua, HU Jian*

(Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China)

[Abstract] Objective: To observe the effects of Fenofibrate on the serum levels of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in insulin-resistant rats, and investigate the mechanism of Fenofibrate in improving insulin resistance. Methods: 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group (n=12) and high-fat group (n=24), they were fed with standard diet and high-fat diet respectively. Six weeks later, the high-fat group was randomly divided into another two groups: fenofibrate-treated group (F group, n=12) and high-fat control group (HF group, n=12), they were gastrically administrated with Fenofibrate and distilled water respectively for four weeks. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was performed to estimate the insulin sensitivity. Serum concentration of adiponectin and TNF-α was measured by ELISA assay. Results: Serum adiponectin concentration was decreased (P<0.05) and TNF-α concentration was increased (P<0.01) in HF group, and insulin sensitivity was decreased (P<0.01). After Fenofibrate treatment, the serum adiponectin concentration was increased and TNF-α concentration was decreased (P<0.05) with insulin sensitivity increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Fenofibrate treatment may increase the serum level of adiponectin and decrease that of TNF-α in rats with insulin resistance. Fenofibrate treatment may improve insulin resistance.

[Key words] Fenofibrate; Insulin resistance; Adiponectin; TNF-α

胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)是指胰岛素执行其正常生物作用的效应不足,表现为外周组织尤其是肌肉、脂肪组织对葡萄糖的利用障碍。非诺贝特是氯贝丁酸类血脂调节药,调脂的同时还可以改善IR,但其机制尚不完全清楚。本研究通过检测非诺贝特对高脂饮食诱导的IR大鼠脂联素和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)表达的影响,探讨非诺贝特改善IR的分子机制。

1材料与方法

1.1 材料

1.1.1 实验动物健康雄性Wistar大鼠36只,体重140~200 g,由中国医科大学实验动物中心提供。

1.1.2 主要试剂胰岛素注射液(上海第一生化药业有限公司),微粒化非诺贝特(200 mg/粒,法国利博福尼公司),大鼠脂联素ELISA试剂盒(美国Chemicon公司),大鼠TNF-α ELISA试剂盒(晶美公司)。

1.2 动物模型的建立及分组

36只大鼠适应性喂养1周后随机分为两组:普通饮食组(NC组)12只,给予普通标准大鼠饲料;高脂饮食组(高脂组)24只,给予自行配制的高脂饲料(热量组成:碳水化合物20%,脂肪59%,蛋白质21%)。大鼠分笼饲养,自由光照,自由摄取食物和水。6周后将高脂组大鼠随机分为非诺贝特组(F组)和高脂对照组(HF组),每组12只,继续给予高脂饮食,同时分别给予非诺贝特30 mg/(kg・d)和蒸馏水灌胃4周。NC组继续给予普通饮食并用蒸馏水灌胃4周。

1.3 高胰岛素-正常葡萄糖钳夹技术评价模型大鼠的IR

实验结束时,全部大鼠禁食12 h过夜。每组大鼠随机选取4只做高胰岛素-正常葡萄糖钳夹实验:大鼠麻醉后仰卧位固定,行颈部正中切口分离右颈静脉和左颈动脉,分别用于输注胰岛素、葡萄糖和肝素盐水抗凝以及采动脉血标本。术毕静止30 min后,抽取动脉血0.5 ml测定基础血糖和血清胰岛素水平,然后以恒定速度[4 mU/(kg・min)]输注胰岛素,每5分钟采血1次,自动血糖仪测定葡萄糖浓度,当血糖低于基础血糖时开始输注10%葡萄糖溶液,从5 mg/(kg・min)开始,并根据血糖调整,使血糖保持在(基础血糖水平±0.5) mmol/L范围。当连续3次血糖均在上述范围时即达到了稳态。记录最后1 h内葡萄糖输注速率,每5分钟测1次,共13次,取其平均值即为葡萄糖输注率(GIR)。

1.4 标本的采集

其余大鼠麻醉处死后取下腔静脉血,离心分离血清,并分装于1.0 ml EP管中,-40℃保存,用于测量脂联素和TNF-α。

1.5 统计学分析

计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行分析,两组间比较采用两样本均数t检验,P

2 结果

各组大鼠GIR、血清脂联素和TNF-α水平的变化见表1。

表1 各组大鼠GIR、血清脂联素和TNF-α水平的变化(x±s)

与NC组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;与HF组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01

实验结束时,HF组大鼠GIR和TNF-α明显增高,血清脂联素水平明显下降。非诺贝特治疗后,GIR和血清脂联素水平明显上升,而TNF-α明显下降。

3讨论

脂肪组织是一个活跃的内分泌器官,它分泌多种脂肪细胞因子,如游离脂肪酸、TNF-α、抵抗素、脂联素等,直接参与肥胖相关的代谢性疾病及其并发症的发生及发展[1]。脂联素是脂肪细胞特异表达和分泌的一种蛋白质,具有抗糖尿病和抗动脉粥样硬化的作用,并与胰岛素敏感性密切相关。脂联素基因敲除鼠与野生型鼠相比,表现为严重的IR和糖耐量异常[2];给患有肥胖和2型糖尿病的动物注射脂联素能够改善胰岛素敏感性[3]。本研究采用高脂饮食成功地诱导Wistar大鼠产生了IR。IR大鼠血清脂联素水平明显下降,非诺贝特治疗后血清脂联素水平明显增高,同时IR得到改善,与Naderali和Hiuge等[4-5]的研究结果相符。非诺贝特是过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-α(PPAR-α)的激动剂,能够激活PPAR-α,在转录水平影响脂联素的表达。脂联素基因启动子区域存在过氧化物酶体增殖物反应元件(PPRE)位点[6],贝特类药物通过位于脂联素基因启动子区域的PPRE位点来增强脂联素的表达,并且贝特类药物增加血清脂联素水平部分是通过脂肪组织PPAR-α途径实现的[4-5]。

TNF-α是一种具有广泛生物活性的细胞因子,参与机体的炎症和免疫病理反应。脂肪组织是内源性TNF-α的主要来源,脂肪细胞分泌的TNF-α是导致IR的重要因素之一[7]。TNF-α与肥胖及胰岛素敏感性直接相关,在各种肥胖和糖尿病动物模型中,血清TNF-α水平增加,当体重减轻时TNF-α浓度下降,同时伴随IR的改善[8];IR患者以及IR动物模型的脂肪组织中也都存在着TNF-α的过度表达[9-10]。TNF-α可能是发生IR的调节因子[11],通过作用于胰岛素信号转导系统,干扰胰岛素受体后信号转导而改变胰岛素的敏感性[12]。本研究观察到IR大鼠血清TNF-α水平明显升高,同时胰岛素敏感性下降;非诺贝特治疗后血清TNF-α水平明显下降,并伴有胰岛素敏感性增加。TNF-α与脂联素的表达互相抑制[13],非诺贝特可能通过抑制TNF-α的表达同时增强脂联素基因的表达来改善胰岛素抵抗。

总之,非诺贝特能够升高IR大鼠血清脂联素水平,降低TNF-α水平,能够改善IR。

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(收稿日期:2009-04-07)