定语从句的运用
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摘 要：定义从句一直以来是英语教学中的重难点，也是高考中常会出现的考题类型，本文将以定语从句为中心，深入探讨定语从句的运用问题。
关键词：定语；从句；运用
中图分类号：G632 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1002-7661（2013）19-141-01
一、根据先行词，选择关系代词和关系副词。
eg1. I hope the little____ I have been able to do will do good to the partnership between two schools. （2012 重庆）
Which B. that C. what D. as
答案B 先行词为little ，定语从句的引导词只能用that 引导。（注意：先行词是不定代词 anything， everything， nothing， all， little， few， much， none等，关系代词用that 而不用which。当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，定语从句的引导词用that。先行词中有人和物时，定语从句的引导词用that。）
eg2. Sales director is a position____ communication ability is just as important as sales skills. （2012 重庆）
which B. that C. when D. where
答案D 先行词position 在定语从句中作状语，where 表示“模糊的地点”，意为in the position.
二、根据关系代词，选择先行词。
eg1. Mr. Zhang gave the notebooks to all the pupils except ____ who had already had them. （2012 吉林二模）
A.ones B. the ones C. some D. the others
答案 B. the ones 指的the pupils， Mr. Zhang把课本发给所有的没有课本的学生。
eg2. Is the park ____ they visited last year？
A.That B. the one C. at which D. where
答案 B. 首先把这种句子变为陈述句：This park is ___ they visited last year. 该句省略了定语从句的引导词which 或that， 在从句中作visited 的宾语，空白处缺的是先行词，所以选B. Is this the park___ they visited？ 此句改为：This is the park___ they visited， 该句缺的是引导词，而不是先行词，所以选A。
三、根据介词，选择关系代词。
eg1 Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from___ you received gifts？ （2012 上海）
A.which B. them C. that D. whom
答案 D 先行词relatives 作介词from 的宾语，只能选whom。
eg2 In the dark street， there wasn’t a single person___ she could turn for help.
A.to whom B. who C. from whom D. that
答案 A . 搭配为turn to somebody for help， 意为“向某人求助”。
eg3 In our class， there are 46 students. ___ half wear glasses. （2012 四川）
A.in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them
答案 C “一半的学生”表达为half of the students，在定语从句中只能用half of them。
四、定语从句的限制性与非限制性，决定关系词和选择。
eg It is the third time that she has won the race， ___ has surprised us all.（2012 陕西）
A.that B. where C. which D. what
答案C 关系代词which 在非限制性定语从句中作主语，而且代替前面的事情。（注意：that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，只能用whom， who， 引导。引导词在非限制性定语从句中所作宾语时不能省略。）
五、根据引导词在定语从句中所作的成分，选择关系代词和关系副词。
eg1 The days are gone____ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. （2011 天津）
A.when B. that C. where D. which
答案 A 先行词为the days， 在定语从句中作状语。
eg2 The air quality in the city， _____ is shown in the report， has improved over the past two months. （2012 福建）
A.that B. it C. as D. what
答案 C. as 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，意为“正如”。在非限制性定语从句中，as 常与see， know， expect， point out， 连用。
六、根据先行词，确定定语从句谓语动词的单复数。
eg1 He was one of the teachers who_____ in charge of the meeting.
A.are B. is C. were D. was
答案 C 在one of the… 的结构中，定语从句的引导词who 指的是the teachers， 故谓语动词用复数。
eg2 She is the only one of the girls who_____ good at speaking French.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
答案 B 在the only one of…的结构中，定语从句的引导词who指的是the only one （girl）， “唯一的女孩”， 故谓语动词用单数。
七、根据从句的结构，辨别是定语从句还是状语从句。
Eg 1 He is such a clever boy___ everyone likes.
A.Who B. which C. as D. that
答案 C 结构是Such …as… ， as 在定语从句中作likes 的宾语。
Eg2 She is so lovely a girl_____ all of us enjoy staying with her.
A.Who B. which C. as D. that
答案 D. 是so…that… 的结果状语从句，后面的从句结构完整。