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术前宣教和心理护理对妇科手术患者疼痛及护理满意度的影响

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[摘要] 目的 探讨术前宣教心理护理妇科手术患者疼痛护理满意度影响。 方法 将138例妇科手术患者随机分为护理干预组和对照组各69例,对照组给予常规护理,干预组在此基础上给予术前宣教和心理护理干预,并于术后第3天进行疼痛程度和护理满意度评价。 结果 护理干预组患者对护理的满意度显著高于对照组(P < 0.05);护理干预组患者轻度疼痛发生率显著高于对照组,而重度疼痛及剧烈疼痛发生率均显著低于对照组(P < 0.05)。结论 对妇科手术患者进行术前宣教和心理护理干预,可明显减轻术后疼痛感,并获得较高的护理满意度。

[关键词] 术前宣教;心理护理;妇科手术;术后疼痛;满意度

[中图分类号] R473.71 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673—9701(2012)25—0112—02

Effects of preoperative missionary and psychological care on surgery pain and nursing satisfaction of patients after gynecological surgery

YANG Xiuhong

Department of General Surgery, Fengman District Hospital of Jilin City in Jilin Province, Jilin 132011, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effects of preoperative missionary and psychological care on surgery pain and nursing satisfaction of patients after gynecological surgery. Methods A total of 138 patients after gynecological surgery were randomly divided into control group (n = 69) and intervention group (n = 69). The control group were received regular nursing, and on the basis of the regular nursing, the intervention group were received preoperative missionary and psychological care. The degree of pain and nursing satisfaction in the two groups were compared on the third day after operation. Results The satisfaction in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the incidence of mild pain in the intervention group was significantly higher, while the incidence of severe pain was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative missionary and psychological can succeed in reducing the postoperative pain, improving the nursing satisfaction,.

[Key words] Preoperative missionary; Psychological care; Gynecological surgery; Surgery pain; Satisfaction

术后疼痛是外科手术患者术后面临的共性健康问题,亦是造成外科手术患者生理功能紊乱及不良心理反应发生的主要原因[1]。因女性患者具有性格敏感、细腻的特点,加之妇科手术的特殊性,极易造成患者对术后疼痛及并发症的恐惧和焦虑,从而影响患者术后身体康复。除以镇痛药物缓解术后疼痛外,采用何种护理方式辅助减轻妇科患者手术后疼痛及对镇痛药物的依赖,一直是倍受临床关注的课题[2]。本院在常规护理基础上,对妇科手术患者加强了术前宣教和心理护理干预,取得了满意效果,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选择2011年6~12月我院收治的妇科手术住院患者138例,年龄23~51岁,平均(29.6±4.1)岁;其中子宫肌瘤切除术72例,卵巢囊肿剔除术38例,子宫切除术14例,异位妊娠病灶清除术14例。将上述患者随机分为护理干预组和对照组,每组69例。两组患者在年龄、疾病种类、病情、文化程度、职业性质及家庭背景等方面经统计学分析,差异均不显著(P > 0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 方法

对照组按照妇科手术一般护理要求进行常规围术期护理;干预组在常规护理基础上,加强对患者进行有关疾病及疼痛知识的术前宣教和心理干预,并于术后第3天进行疼痛程度和护理满意度评价。

1.2.1 术前宣教[3] 针对患者的年龄、学历、工作性质及性格特点,采取口头或书面形式对患者进行术前宣教,以消除患者对手术治疗方式的焦虑和恐惧感。宣教内容包括:妇科疾病的常见种类和病因、临床表现、诊断及治疗方式、术前准备、术后疼痛发生的时间、部位、性质、机制及对机体的影响、减轻手术疼痛的方法、提高手术治疗效果及预后等。