牛津版9A Unit4 语法学习点拨(二)
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三、 表时间的连词when，while 和as的用法
when, while和as都表示“当……时候”的意思，引出时间状语从句。如果主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时，三者都可用。如：
When/While/As we were dancing，a stranger came in. 当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
He fell asleep when/while/as he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
1. when意为“在……时刻或时期”，它可兼指“时间点”与“时间段”，所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词，也可是持续性动词，且主从句动作可以有先后之分。如：
When I got home, my parents were having supper. 我到家时，我的父母正在吃饭。
When I reached the station, the train had left.当我到达火车站时，火车已经开走了。
I liked dancing when I was young. 我年轻时喜欢跳舞。
【真题回放】I can’t forget the time _____ the earthquake happened in Yushu. （2010•宁夏）
A. when B. which
C. that D. where
【思路点拨】选A。when即可以指一段时间，也可以指时间点，而 while 只能指一段时间。地震发生的一瞬间是时间点，故答案选填when。
注意：when引导的从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，那么从句常用一般现在是时来代替一般将来时。如：
I’ll call you when I get there.我一到那里就给你打电话。
【真题回放】Betty will ring me up when she _____ in Beijing.（2011•重庆）
A. arrive B. arrives
C. arrived D. will arrive
【思路点拨】选B。本句考查when的用法。
2. while只指“时间段”，不指“时间点”，引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比，意为“然而”。如：
While my father was watching TV, I was reading an English book. 当我爸爸在看电视的时候，我正在读英语书。
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。
【真题回放】―What was your brother doing at this time yesterday？
―He was reading a magazine _____ I was writing an e-mail at home. （2011•山东滨州）
A. as soon as B. after
C. until D. while
【思路点拨】选D。as soon as“一……就……”；after“在……之后”；until“直到……”；while“当……时候，和……同时”。由答语“他在读杂志而我在写电子邮件”，可知两个动作同时进行，故用while连接。
【真题回放】I met a good friend of mine while I _____ on the street. （2011•广西梧州）
A. walks B. walk
C. was walking D. am walking
【思路点拨】选C。考查while引导的从句时态，结合句意：遇见我的好朋友时，我正在街上走着，故应用过去进行时。
注意：while也可用作“只要”解，相当于as long as。如：
While there is life, there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
3. as一般指主、从句动作同时发生，尤指短暂性动作或事件同时发生。也能说明一个延续性动作在一个短暂性动作之前就已经开始，相当于while。如：
I saw him as he was getting off the bus.正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。
While/As Millie was watching TV, Andy came into the room.当米莉在看电视时，安迪进入了房间。
注意：（1） 若从句是一个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作，可以用 as 或 when，但不用 while。如：
When/As he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时，我正在听收音机。
（2） as也可引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”，语气较because弱；as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照”“如同”。如：
As it is raining hard, you’d better put on your raincoat. 由于雨下得很大，你最好穿上雨衣。
Please do as I told you.请按照我告诉你的去做。
【真题回放】We can talk with friends on the Internet _____ it’s easier and cheaper. （2011•安徽芜湖）
A. though B. as
C. or D. but
【思路点拨】选B。As用作连词表示原因；句意：我们可以在网上与朋友们聊天是因为它既容易又便宜。
四、 副词的比较级和最高级
1. 副词的比较级和最高级的变化形式和形容词相同，有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
（1） 规则变化：单音节词和少数双音节词，词尾加-er, -est来构成比较级和最高级。双音节词和多音节词，前面加more, most构成比较级和最高级。如：
Fastfasterfastest，latelaterlatest， earlyearlierearliest，carefullymore carefully most carefully
【真题回放】―What a careful boy you are!
―Thank you. In fact, Tom does everything
_____ than me.（2011•四川凉山）
A. more carefully
B. more careful
C. much careful
【思路点拨】选A。由句意“实际上，汤姆做某件事情都比我仔细”可以得知此处应该使用副词的比较级形式，carefully是多音节副词，故用more帮助它构成比较级。
（2）不规则变化，即不是在词尾加-er, -est来构成比较级和最高级。如：
well better best, badly worse worst, much more most, little less least, far farther farthest
【真题回放】―Which do you like _____, summer or winter？ （2011•山东泰安）
―I prefer summer.
A. good B. well
C. better D. best
【思路点拨】选C。考查副词比较级的用法。在两者之间进行选择，用better，如果是三者或三者以上用best。
2. 副词的比较级句型
“副词比较级+ than+ ...”意为“比……更”，表示两者之间比较。比较级前可用a little, a bit, much, still, even等词语修饰。如：
They now live more happily than before.他们现在比以前过得幸福。
【真题回放】In the piano contest, my brother didn’t play well and I did _____.（2011•山东青岛）
A. very well
B. much better
C. very good
D. even worse
【思路点拨】选D。考查副词的比较等级。由题干中的my brother和I可以看出是两者比较；又由并列连词and可知前后是承接关系，即“哥哥弹得不好，我弹得更不好。”故答案选D。
3. 副词的最高级句型
“副词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句（如all, of all, of the tree, in，among等）”意为“在……之中/ 范围内”，用于三者以上比较，最高级前面the加不加都可以。如：
Amy came first in the race. She ran（the）fastest.埃米在赛跑中获得第一名。她跑得最快。
注意：of是同范围事物的比较，in是不同范围的事物比较。如：
Ben works（the）hardest in his class. 本在班上学习最用功。
Henry jumps（the）highest of his classmates. 亨利在同学中跳得最高的。
【真题回放】―Did Kate do best in the final exam？
―No, but of all the students she did _____.（2011•湖北黄冈）
A. the most careful
B. more careful
C. most carefully
D. more carefully
【思路点拨】选C。副词修饰动词，先排除A、B项。of all the students表示“在所有学生中”，故用carefully最高级形式。且副词最高级前的定冠词“the”可以省略。
4. 副词的比较级和最高级的常用结构：
（1） as + 副词原级 + as意为“与……一样”，表示同级比较。如：
Can you run as fast as 30 miles an hour？ 你能一小时跑30英里吗？
【真题回放】Some Chinese singers sing English songs just as _____ as native speakers do. （2011•贵州贵阳）
A. good B. better C. well
【思路点拨】选C。固定短语as...as句式中间应跟形容词或副词的原形，故排除B，这里应是修饰动词sing，故应用副词。
（2） 副词比较级 + 副词比较级，意为“越来越……”。如：
It snowed more and more heavily.雪下得越来越大。
You work harder and harder.你工作越来越努力了。
（3） the + 副词的比较级，the + 副词的比较级，意为“越……就越……”。如：
The more I see her, the less I like her.我看到她越多，我越不喜欢她。
The faster you type, the more mistakes you will make. 你打字打得越快，你出的错也会越多。
注意：在as, so, too, very, quite等词后，只用原级。如：
Thank you for teaching us so well.谢谢你教我们这么好。
Tom did very well in the long jump.汤姆在跳远比赛中表现出色。
I got up too late this morning.我今天起床太晚了。
He doesn’t write as / so carefully as his brother. 他写字不如他哥哥认真。
【牛刀小试】
I. 单项选择
1. When he heard a cry for help, he ran out as _____ as he could. （2011•陕西）
A. hardly B. quickly
C. finally D. slowly
2. We hope that with the help of the new skill, Liu Xiang can run _____ than before.（2011•上海）
A. fast B. faster
C. fastest D. the fastest
3. ―So you were in the supermarket _____ you heard a strange sound, right？
―That’s true. I ran out as quickly as possible.?摇（2010•湖北宜昌）
A. when B. while
C. then D. which
4. This girl is ready to help people any time. When she is on the bus, she always _____ her seat to someone in need.（2011•四川绵阳）
A. gives B. give
C. gave D. giving
5. Tom rushed into the house _____ his mother was cooking. （2011•山东青岛）
A. as B. before
C. while D. after
6. My brother came back home while I _____ homework. （2010•四川内江）
A. am doing
B. were doing
C. was doing
7. ―What do you think of Tom’s speaking？
―No one does _____ in our class.（2011•呼和浩特）
A. good B. better
C. well D. best
8. ―We’re doing a lot to protect our environment, but it is not good enough.
―So we should try _____ to look after it.（2011•江西）
A. hard B. harder
C. hardest D. hardly
9. ―Steve is good at writing short stories.
― So he is. But he writes _____ than us. So he can’t get good grades in writing.（2011•广东）
A. most carefully
B. more carefully
C. less carefully
D. least carefully
10. ―There is a smile on Miss Gao’s face. She must be _____ with Sam’s work.
―I think so. No one did as _____ as him in our class.（2011•四川雅安）
A. angry: well
B. pleasing; good
C. strict, good
D. pleased; well
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子
1. 当我们下车时，Daniel也出现在那儿。
_____we got off the coach, Daniel _____ there.
2. 他吃得越多，人越胖。
The _____ he eats, the _____ he gets.
3. 当妈妈在烧饭时，爸爸在修书架。
Father was repairing the bookcase _____ mother was _____.
4. 我的哥哥在班上学习最用功。
My brother works __________ his class.
5. 你游泳没有你弟弟好。
You can’t swim __________ as your brother.
Keys: I.1. B2. B3. A4. A5. C6. C7. B8. B9. C10.D
II. 1. As, appeared2. more, fatter3. while, cooking4. hardest in5. as/so well