高中英语教学中从句辨析的几点体会

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在英语学习中,很多学生对从句望而生畏,因为从句的引导词和连词又多又杂,而且其中有许多重合的地方,使学生在做题时感到十分困惑,往往不能作出正确的解答,其实要解决这个问题并不难,只要找准要害,抓住关键,就能破解这个难题。 在此,我谈几点个人的认识。

一、从句的区别

英语中的从句看似纷繁复杂,其实分为三大类:定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。这三类从句的性质、作用和引导词或连词具体分析如下。

综观所有从句,以从句在句中有无相关联的名词为区分点,就可以分为两大类:有之,即为定语从句或同位语从句;无之,即为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句。

(一)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

在定语从句中,从句修饰名词或代词(即先行词),这个词与从句是范围大小的关系。名词所表达的含义范围大于从句所表达的,引导词指代的是先行词。例:He followed this advice that I gave.句中“advice”强调是我给的而不是其他人给的,与从句是包含关系,而引导词that指的就是advice,故为定语从句。在同位语从句中,名词的意义等同于从句的意义,整个从句的含义说明了对应名词的具体内容,引导词不能代表前面的名词。例:His advice that I should see the doctor is right.句中“advice”就是指“I should see the doctor”,引导词that本身无意义,名词advice表达的意义就是从句说明的内容,是对等的同一的,故为同位语从句。

(二)主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与状语从句的区别。

从功能上区分,主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句在复合句中作主语、宾语或表语,状语从句在复合句中作状语。这些从句的主要形式为:

主语从句放在主语的位置:_______+V+O;It+V+O+_______;+L+P; It+L+P+_______ .例如:1.Who will win the game is still a puzzle.2.It occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door.3.Who made the long distance call is not important.4.It’s strange that he didn’t come yesterday.宾语从句放在动词后或介词后:S+V+_______;S+V+介词+_______.S+V+O(间接宾语)+_______; S+L+P+_______。例如:1.I do not mind where he comes from.2.This depends on whether he is coming or not.3.He promised us that he would give us more help later on.4.I am not certain whether I have met him before.表语从句放在系动词后:S+L+_______。例如:The question is that we do not have much time left.状语从句的形式:S+V+O,_______;S+L+P,_______ 。例如:1.Wherever you go,I will follow you.2.When she heard the news ,she was happy.

二、引导词的选择

从句中引导词的选择是高考题中的一个重要考点,无论是单项选择、完型填空,还是短文改错,都涉及引导词的选择。在进行引导词的选择时,学生只要抓住从句的句子结构,就等于掌握了解开锁的钥匙。因此,我们做题时可以这么分析,如果从句中缺乏主语、宾语或者表语,引导词就要在关系代词(who,whom,which,that)或连接代词(what,which,who,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever)中找。例如:The manis standing there is my brother.本从句从意义上分析为定语从句,且从句中缺主语,因此引导词要在关系代词中找,又因先行词是人,所以就用who或者that来引导从句。如果从句中主语、宾语或表语都有,那么引导词就要从关系副词(when,where,how,why)、连接副词(when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however)或者连词(that,if,whether)中找。例如:_______he will be back depends on the weather.通过分析,上句中的从句为主语从句,因为从句中有主语和表语,因此引导词要从连词或连接副词中找。根据题意,可以使用whether或者how来引导。状语从句要按照意义上的理解来选择引导词。例如:1._______he comes back,he always makes much noise.本句要表示时间,因此从句用when 来引导。2.Sit_______you like.本句要表示地点,因此从句用where来引导。

注意:whose表示“……的”,相当于形容词,在引导词后必须出现名词。例如:Steven Sperbieg is a famous director,_______mother is a teacher.本句中先行词“director”与从句之间是从属关系,因此横线上要填whose。

三、历年考题

1.The fact has worried many scientists_______the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.(09江西卷)

A. whatB. whichC. thatD. though

2.All the neighbors admire this family_______the parents are treating their child like a friend.(2008安徽卷)

A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that

3.Yesterday she sold her car,_______she bought a month ago.(2008浙江卷)

A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which

4._______matters most in learning English is enough practice.(2007全国卷Ⅱ)

A. whatB. whyC. whereD. which

5.I used to love that film_______I was a child,but I don’t feel it that way any more.(2008辽宁卷)

A. oneB. whenC. sinceD. although

6. Many children,_______parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.(09安徽卷)

A. theirB. whoseC. of themD. with whom

答案:CBDABB