漫谈与分析英语的辨句
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高中英语教育要为将来学生更深入地学习英语知识、提升语言能力打下十分重要的基础。有了宽广深厚的基础，才能培养学生综合运用语言的能力，才能造就金字塔塔尖的辉煌。
在深入学习英语知识的高中阶段，我们接触了多种复杂而重要的句型，譬如定语从句，名词性从句，强调句，状语从句等。随着学习的深入，句型逐渐繁琐，在这种情形下，要想使语言能力提升，学会分析句子是不可或缺的一点。只有这样,我们才能在习题练习中明辨“枝叶”，透过表象索本质；只有这样，我们才能在对教材的学习剖析中做到深刻理解，在此基础之上，我们才能在阅读与理解中精准掌握相关信息；也只有这样，我们才能在作文中写出准确高级且精美的句型。下面我们就一起看看习题、课本或写作中常见的句式吧。
一、习题细思索，小心踩到设题陷阱
1.1介词to后一定要跟v-ing吗？
例1. The theory they stuck to _____ right.
A. proving B. proved C. was proved
分析: 题中的to是介词，they stuck to在句中作定语,修饰the letter。它还考察prove的用法。学生应警惕。Prove sth. to sb.向某人证明什么；sb. / sth. proves (to be) ... 类似于sb. / sth. turns out (to be) ...某人或某物被证实怎么样或是什么，这是一种系表结构，需熟练掌握。故此题选B。
1.2拨开枝叶找主干
例2. Many experts stick to the view _____ teacher development is _____ the key to
quality education lies.
A. which; where B. which; in which
C. that; where D. that; in which
分析:这道题目句子较长，句型结构也较复杂，怎么办呢？读懂句意，再抽丝拨茧找主干，其他成分便一目了然。先看：许多专家坚持这个观点——教师的发展进步是素质教育的关键所在。对于具体的view的阐述已经完整，因此，空1是由that引导的同位语从句；接着分析从句本身。显然这是一个表语从句，应由谁引导呢？the key to quality education lies in some place。看来，应填where。学着分析 The place _____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 能得出答案C吗？
1.3句子还是结构？擦亮眼睛
例3． Not far from the school there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing chess
A. whose B. it’s C. the D. its
分析：这道题目学生易误选A，把后面这部分当成是whose引导的非限制性定语从句。请注意seated,它表示“坐着的”状态。主语+分词，这不正是独立主格结构的一种形式吗？试比较：
Not far from the school there was a garden, (with) its owner seated in it playing chess.
Not far from the school there was a garden, whose owner was seated there playing chess.
1.4 跟地方有关，一定用where吗？
例4 A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. What B. Where C. That D. Which
分析：一个现代化的城市已经被建立起来在……，在哪里呢？介词in后面应是一个宾语从句。又因为该从句缺主语，在此，我们用what。试比较：
A modern city has been set up where there was a wasteland ten years ago.
A modern city has been set up in the place which was a wasteland ten years ago.
二、课文美句用心赏析，必大有裨益
例1 Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. (选修8)
简洁而精彩的句子.then came the disturbing news 是由then引导的一个全倒装句。
同时that又引导同位语从句，具体解释the news的内容。
例2 Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. (选修8)
看看我们的重新排句和断句吧：The majority of the first Spanish to go to California / were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. whose引导了一个非限制性定语从句。
例3 Not that Charlie’s own life was easy. (必修4)
此句形易而意难。that含义是“倒不是，并不是说”。在这里，句序也可以如此调换：Charlie’s own life was not that easy.
例4 Where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor. (选修7)
此句中,where引导一个让步状语从句,意为“在……地方，……的地方”。
三、写作中，恰如其分化简为繁,可使文章化腐朽为神奇。
下列例句中的第一句是许多学生意识中的表达，我们将其做了一定的“打磨”，大家看看效果吧。
例1 Our school is holding an English Culture Festival. Its theme is “harmonious school”.
可试着用被动，with或非限制性定语从句。
An English Culture Festival is being held in our school with its theme “harmonious school”.
An English Culture Festival is being held in our school, whose theme is “harmonious school”.
例2 I thought of an idea. It was to ask the teacher for help.
An idea occurred to me that I could ask the teacher for help. that引导了同位语从句。
例3 What you said didn’t hurt her. But the way you spoke hurt her.
It was the way you spoke that hurt her rather than what you said 两个简单句合二为一，改成了it is ... that 强调句，丰富了句型，而且突出了要点。
例4 We told him many times, but he still made the same mistakes.用非谓语动词试试：
（Though） Having been told many times, he still made the same mistakes.
例5 The factory is on south bank of the river.可尝试用倒装：On south bank of the river stands the factory.或以上是针对学生平时学习理解中的难点和易错点作了简易分析。多看，多读，多想，你也能对各种纷繁的句型句式掌握得游刃有余；更能让他们为你所用，增强你的阅读，丰富你的口语，点亮你的文才，如此一来，岂不美载？
[1] 金莺、宋桂月. 高中英语课程标准教师读本[M]. 武汉：华中师范大学出版社.
[2] 刘道义. 普通高中课程标准实验教科书——英语选修[M]. 北京：人民教育出版社.