博山古道 第10期
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博山的名字,远在隋代就已经形成了。到了元朝至元二年,即1265年设颜神镇,划归益都县管辖。至清雍正十二年,即1734年始建博山县,1955年3月更名为现在的博山区。
春秋战国时期的博山是南北通道的咽喉、鲁中山区门户,历经世纪沧桑然而古道犹存。地处城东的“青州古道”,城西的“齐鲁古道”与南郊的“关沟古道”都是地域文化与历史的印证。
而青州古道,早在明清间,是博山通往青州的主要通道也就是现在的东山街石基道。此道依荆山自然山体凿崖而形成的台阶,车辙式路段,历经700余年的通行跋涉,人挑驴驮,车轮辗轧,石基道上磨出了光洁深曲的辙痕。由于当时的煤炭、陶瓷、琉璃等货均途经后乐桥攀石基道通过荆山运往青州等地,所以世人称之为“青州古道”。
青州古道地处产煤聚集的东郊地区,所以煤炭运输必经东关街、秋谷街。而光滑的青石路面中心则是木轮车专行道。每天早晨均可听到木轮车的“吱悠”声与车夫的声,而伴随着的驮铃声荡然空间,给人以凄凉的感觉,而那斑驳光洁的石基道却给世人留下一缕缕无限的遐想。
至于齐鲁古道,则是地处鲁中山区北部。齐界鲁疆分裂与此,所以“阳者为鲁,阴者为齐”。齐鲁古道地处城西孝妇河西侧的桑园街之首,背依古迹炉神庙。这条古道始建于明万历年间。街面均宽3米,长180米,大多采用青石与杂石铺设,其路槽大多由木轮车行驶,历经沧桑岁月,故磨砺出了8公分的辙痕。过去,这里是沟通莱芜西部等地的通道之一。
20世纪60年代以后,由于琉璃手工业的不断兴盛,古道周边自然成为聚居地以及有关企业设置的通行要道。博山电影院的前身是青年剧院。它于1950年改建,自1952年6月更名为“工人电影院”以后,成为博山地区最早的国营电影院。与此南来北往的百姓与观众大多途经此道,于是便使人们更加深了古道行迹的印象。时至今日,博山琉璃园的创建,更使齐鲁古道自然成为一处古迹景观。
而关沟古道,指的是博山至莱芜的关沟古道,地处山头地区的白杨河村南500米处,与莱芜的青石关村接界。关沟古道呈南北走向,沟峪深达4公里,历史上是一条既难行又阴深的路段。这条古道的历史可由一株500余年树龄,直径达1米的国槐为证。关沟古道是博山与莱芜的重要通道。旧时的古道车水马龙,人挑驴驮,行人如织,若遇繁忙季节,载货的人力木轮车要想通过此路段则需要挨排几天后才能缓行过去。
随着国家道路建设的需要,上世纪70年代初,205国道相继建成。从此,博莱关沟古道由国道所代替而成为弃迹。人世间几个世纪转眼即逝,而“镶嵌”在石基道上的辙痕深达10公分。可想而知经由多少木轮车夫的辛酸与磨砺。它不仅给世人留下了沧凉的印迹,同时也揭示了劳苦大众行路的苦衷与叹息。
The name of Boshan in Zibo City, Shandong Province appeared during the Sui Dynasty (581-618).
During the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC-476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475 BC-221 BC), Boshan was the thoroughfare leading north and south and the gateway to the Luzhong mountain area. Despite several centuries of vicissitudes, the ancient roads in Boshan are still in existence. Among them, the Qingzhou ancient road to the east of Boshan, the Qilu ancient road to the west of Boshan, and the Guangou ancient road to the southern suburbs of Boshan are witnesses to the local regional culture and history.
The Qingzhou ancient road is located in the eastern suburban area which abounds in coal. The vehicles conveying coal must go along Dongguan Street and Qiugu Street. The road paved with smooth blue stone was constructed for the wooden wheel carts. Therefore, in the past, every morning people living nearby could hear the noises produced by friction between the wooden wheels and the stone as well as the waggoners.
The Qilu ancient road is located in the northern hilly area of central Shandong. Here lay the boundary between the territories of the State of Qi and the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The road was constructed during the Ming Dynasty and is three meters wide and 180 meters long. In the past, this road was one of the main roads leading to the west of Laiwu.
Since the 1960s, with the rise of the colored glaze industry, the areas near the ancient road became the location as well as the thoroughfares for the enterprises concerned. The Youth Theatre, which was the predecessor of the present-day Boshan Cinema, was renovated in 1950. In June 1952, it was renamed as the “Workers’ Cinema” and became the earliest state-run cinema in Boshan. Nowadays, the construction of Boshan Colored Glaze Park has turned the Qilu ancient road into a site of ancient cultural relics.
In the early period of the 1970s, with the construction of the National Highway 205, the Guangou ancient road was abandoned. However, the 10 centimeter deep wheel ruts on the ancient road still remind people of the hard work of the waggoners in the past.