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英语中sleep,be asleep,fall asleep,go to sleep,get to sleep,sleeping,sleepy,go to bed,与in
bed都可用来表示“睡”的意思,但要“睡”得有法。
1.sleep指睡觉的状态,是一个延续性动词,不与表示时间点的状语连用,应与表示时间段的状语连用,在句子中可以有谓语或非谓语形式。如:
1)Why couldn't the man downstairs sleep?楼下的那个人为什么睡不着?
2)He like to sleep for an hour in the afternoon.下午他喜欢睡上个把小时。
请再比较:He slept at ten last night.(错)He went to sleep at ten last night.(对)
注意:A)sleep作名词时,为不可数名词。如:I didn’t get much sleep.我睡得不多。但它可以与a连用,(特别是其前有形容词修饰时)表示“一段或一种睡眠”。如:along(short)sleep长时间(短时间)的睡眠。B)sleep与late搭配,表示“迟起”。如:He often sleeps late on Sundays. 星期天他常睡懒觉。
2.be asleep意为“睡着”,强调睡眠的状态。其中asleep为表语形容词(不作定语),不能用very修饰,只能用fast,sound等词修饰。该短语在句子中作谓语。如:
1)At first she was asleep.开始的时候,她睡着了。
2)The little girl sounds asleep.这个小女孩睡得很熟。
3) Look!The dog on the ground is fast asleep.瞧!地上的那只狗睡得很熟。
3.fall asleep意即“睡着”,表示一个动作的过程,侧重于“自然而然地入睡”,有时也含有“不想入睡而入睡”之意。如:
1)He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.他刚要入睡,这时传来了响亮的敲门声。
2)He fell asleep while reading.他读书时睡着了。
4. go to sleep指“入睡、进入梦乡“这个动作,即begin to sleep.如:
1)Soon he went to sleep,for he was very tired.他很快就进入梦乡,因为他很累了。
2)I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible.我正想合上眼,尽快地睡上一觉。
5. get to sleep意为“睡着、入眠”等,强调进入睡眠状态。指succeed in sleeping或manage to fall asleep,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如:
1)I couldn’t get to sleep last night,I was too excited.昨晚我不能入睡,我太兴奋了。
6.sleeping是形容词,意为“睡眠的,供睡眠用的”,作定语用。当被修饰词为表示人的名词时,sleeping为“睡眠的”之意。当被修饰词为表示物的名词时,意为“供睡眠用的”。如:
1)The sleeping boy is Tom.在睡觉的小孩是汤姆。
2)There are four sleeping bags in the box. 箱子里有四个(野外用的)睡袋。
7.sleepy意为“欲睡的,”也是形容词,常与be,feel等动词搭配。如:
1)The girl felt sleepy when she was watching a play.这个女孩在看戏时,有点困了。
2)He never gets enough rest and is always sleepy.他从未得到过充足的休息,所以总是昏昏欲睡。
8. go to bed意为“上床睡觉,就寝”,表示“去睡”这一行为,无“睡着”之意。如:
1)I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework last night.昨晚我直到完成作业后才去睡觉。
2)He may keep healthy if he goes to bed early and gets up early.如果他早睡早起就能保持身体健康。
9.in bed意为“躺在床上,睡着”,表示―种状态,在句子中常用做表语,也可以用作状语。如:
1)He didn't go to school yesterday,he was ill in bed.他昨天没有上学,卧病在床。
2)Don’t read in bed.It's bad for your eyes.不要躺在床上看书,不然对你的眼睛有害。