深圳沙井街道婴幼儿麻疹流行病学分析
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[摘要] 目的 通过对当地麻疹发病情况进行流行病学分析，掌握麻疹流行病学特征和发病规律，为调整麻疹的防治措施、降低发病率提供科学依据。 方法 对深圳市宝安区沙井街道2003～2011年住院的426例麻疹病例（其中婴儿105例），进行描述流行病学分析并运用Excel 进行数据整理和统计分析。 结果 2003年当地麻疹发病逐年增加，2005～2007年呈现流行，2008年后逐年回落；发病季节不仅限于冬春季，夏季患者增多；婴幼儿及15～30岁人群发病明显增多、呈现双峰态；2007年加强补漏接种后发病率逐年降低。 结论 麻疹2005～2007年呈现流行，提示与当地人群免疫相关；而高发人群麻疹免疫不足相关，是人群发病年龄分布麻疹发病双峰态的主要原因。加强补漏接种可明显降低麻疹发病率。
[关键词] 麻疹；流行病学；防控措施；免疫接种
[中图分类号] R183.3 [文献标识码] C [文章编号] 1673-7210（2012）08（c）-0129-02
Epidemiological analysis of infant measles in Shajing Street of Shenzhen City
HAN Limin FAN Hongmei ZHOU Ruixian
Department of the First Internal Medicine, Shajing People's Hospital of Bao'an District in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518104, China
[Abstract] Objective To master the epidemiological characteristics and incidence regularity of measles through the epidemiological analysis of the local incidence of measles in order to provide scientific basis for adjusting measles prevention measures and reducing the incidence of measles. Methods 426 hospitalized patients with measles (including 105 infants) in Shajing Street of Bao’an District in Shenzhen City from 2003 to 2011 received descriptive epidemiological analysis and Excel was used for data management and statistical analysis. Results Since the year of 2003, the incidence of measles was increased. The disease presented pandemic from 2005 to 2007 and dropped year by year after 2008. The seasons of onset were not restricted to the winter and the spring and the number of patients undergoing onset in the summer increased. The incidence rate of infants and population aged 15 to 30 years old obviously elevated and presented bimodal. The incidence rate obviously reduced year by year after strengthening the supplemental immunization. Conclusion Measles is pandemic from 2005 to 2007, which suggests correlation with local population immunity. High-incidence population is correlated to immunity deficiency, which is the major reason for the bimodal distribution of the age of the population. Strengthening supplemental immunization can obviously reduces the incidence of measles.
[Key words] Measles; Epidemiology; Prevention and control measures; Immunization
我国自1965年广泛推行麻疹疫苗接种以来，麻疹的发病得到有效控制，但最近几年，全国的麻疹疫情回升，尤其2005～2007年出现流行，麻疹发病率达9.5/10万[1]，距卫生部2012年全国麻疹发病率控制在1/100万以下的目标[2]相差甚远。深圳市宝安区沙井街道是全国流动人口最为密集的地区之一，麻疹的发病率较高，为探讨当地麻疹流行病学特点、调整防控措施和降低麻疹发病率，现将我院2003～2011年收治的426例麻疹病例，其中婴幼儿105例，作回顾性流行病学分析，现将结果报道如下：
1 一般资料
麻疹病例资料为2003年1月1日～2011年12月31日当地沙井医院收治的426例麻疹患者，其中婴幼儿105例，其中≤8个月者72例。麻疹诊断按《麻疹诊断标准及处理原则》（GB15983-1995）中规定的标准执行。将符合麻疹诊断标准的病例采用描述流行病学的方法，并运用Excel进行数据整理和统计分析。