浅淡it在英语中的应用
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[摘要] It在英语句子中可以做一些基本成分,与其它一些词语组合构成一些固定的搭配。it的强调句型“A强调主语、B强调宾语、C强调状语、D强调宾语补足语、E强调主语补足语”。
[关键词] 英语 it 应用
it在英语中是一个很重要的词,掌握好它的用法,对于今后的学习很重要,下面,我就对it的用法进行如下一些总结:
1.it是代词。指除人以外的一切生物和事物,用来指代时间、季节、天气、距离、环境。在这里,it是一个虚词,没有任何实际意义。例如:
What’s the date today?今天几号?
It’s July 1.七月一号
How far is it from the bus station to your home?
2.it用作主语,用来指代文中出现过的人或事,此时用来代替一个名词,一个短语,一个从句或一个句子。在句中可指生物,无生物,不明性别的婴儿,也可以指一个动作或一件事物,还可以指明人或事物的身份。在这里是有实意的。例如:
What’s this?这是什么?
It’s a computer.这是一台计算机。
He tried to get rid of smoking,but it was impossible.他尝试着戒烟,但那是不可能的。
3.it用作形式上的主语,为了避免将句中作真正主语的不定式,动名词和名词子句置于句首造成头重脚轻,习惯上可用作形式主语置于句首,指代后面的真正主语,使句子显得流畅。作形式主语句型有:
it +谓语+不定式
it +谓语+动名词
it +谓语+名词从句
(1)不定式具有名词性质,可用作主语。例如:
Tocompromise is sensible.=It is sensible to compromise.互相妥协是明智的。
此句译成汉语时,没有实际意义,要把后置的不定式作为主语来翻译。例如:
It is necessary to have a good sleep before the test.=To have a good sleep before the is necessary.考试前好好睡一觉是很必要的。
It is wrong to do so.=To do so is wrong.这样做是错误的。
(2)与不定式不同,动名词作主语时,一般置于句子开端,置于句尾时常将动名词改成不定式。因此,用代替动名词作形式主语的句子较少,主要用在以no use,useless,not any use,not much use,not any good,not much good,no help,dangerous等词作主语补足语的句子中。例如:
It is useless(no use)talking to the old man about it.和一位老人谈论这些是没有用的。
It is dangerous playing with fire.玩火是危险的。
4.it可以替由that连接代词或连接副词引导名词性从句。例如:
It is a pity that her sister cannot go skating with us.=That her sister cannot go skating with us is a pity.他的姐姐不能和我们去溜冰,这真令人遗憾。
5.it is强调句型
句子结构一般it +be +被强调的部分+字句。在句中没有实际意义。
(1)强调主语。例如:
It was his brother who (that) broke the cup.
(2)强调宾语
(A)强调直接宾语。例如:
It was a New Year card that he sent his classmate.他寄给他同学的是一张新年卡片。
(B)强调间接宾语。例如:
It was his classmate that (whom) he sent a New Year card to.他将新年卡片寄给他的同学。
(C)强调状语。
(a)强调时间状语。例如:
It was every Monday afternoon that Mrs Smith teaches us English.史密斯先生每星期一下午给我们讲英语。
(b)强调地点状语。例如:
It was before the fireplace that the old woman was sitting.这位老妇人坐在壁灯前。
(D)强调宾语补足语。例如:
It was wrong that we considered him.我们认为他是错误的。
(E)强调主语补足语。例如:
It is little Tiger that he is called.他被称作小老虎。
另外,要熟记以下的一些搭配:
(a)It is a period of time since +主语+ did something自…以来已有一段时间。例如:
It is two years since he left here.他离开这儿已有2年了。
(b)It is no use doing something…做…无用。例如:
It is no use doing so.那么做没用。
(c)It is said that…据说。例如:
It is said that something has been done to end the strike.据说已采取措施结束罢工。
(d)It is well known (to all) that…众所周知。例如:
It is known (to all) that we Chinese people are against war.众所周知,我们中国人民反对战争。
(e)It was (not) long (hours,weeks,months) before +从句。例如:
It was not long before she came back.不久她就回来了。
6.It seems that…例如:
It seems that he were ill.他好像有病了。
7.It takes (took)+时间+ to do something例如:
It takes three weeks to finish the work.完成这项工作得用3周时间。
8.It is (was) not until…that例如:
It was not until yesterday that I received a letter from him.直到昨天我才收到你的信。
9.It is…for one to…例如:
It’s good for us to be here.我们到这来真好。
10.It is+adj.+of+somebody to do something(能用此句型的形容词常见有:kind,good,nice,foolish,stupid,wrong,clever等)。例如:
It is very kind of you to help us.承蒙帮助,不胜感激。
11.It is +adj. + for somebody to do something例如:
It is important for us to grasp the knowledge.我们掌握那项知识是重要的。