句法考点大聚会
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句法是中考重点考查项目之一，也是历届中考的热点。主要涉及到：疑问词的选用；反意疑问句的构成及答语；感叹句what或how的选用；否定形式的祈使句；并列句连词的选用；状语从句连词的选用和语序；宾语从句连词的选用、语序；定语从句关系代词的选用；并列句、状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、主从句的时态呼应；被动语态的构成；等等。下面展示近两年来的中考题例，供同学们参考。
1．（长沙）―_______ subjects do you have? ―Seven.
A. How longB. How manyC. How muchD. How far
析：据答语和题意可知答案为B。
2 ． （河南） There is no difference between the two words. I really don’t know _______.
A. what to choose B. which to choose
C. to choose whichD. to choose what
析：此题考查“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语，据题意答案应为B。
3．（广州）Mr King has never been to France, _______?
A. has heB. hasn’t Mr KingC.hasn’t heD. has Mr King
析：陈述句含never, hardly, little ,few ,no, not等否定词时，简略问句用肯定式，且把陈述句主语由名词换成代词，故答案为A。
4．（厦门）―The earth isn’t as big as the sun, is it? ―_______.
A. Yes, it isB. No ,it isC, Yes, it isn’tD. No, it isn’t
析：反意疑问句的回答是yes+肯定结构或no+否定结构，前否定后肯定的答语用yes表示“不”，用No表示“是的”。据上下句可知答案为D。
5．（上海）_______ important information he’s given us!
A. SoB. HowC. What anD. What
析：此题考查“What +adj.+n.+主语＋谓语”结构，又因information为不可数名词，故答案为D。
6．（长沙）_______ delicious the food is !
A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a
析：本题考查“How +adj. / adv.+主语＋谓语”结构，答案为A。
7．（福州）Don’t _______ (嘲笑) others when they make mistake.（填空）
析：祈使句的否定式为Don’t +动词原形，故填laught at。
8.（重庆）A：Stand higher, and you’ll see far away.（找同义句）
B：_______ stand at a higher place, you’ll see far away.
析：祈使句＋and / or +简单句可与条件状语从句互换，故填If you。
9．（南京）Hurry up , _______ you’ll miss the train. It’s leaving in ten minutes.
A. andB. soC. howeverD. or
析：and表示并列关系，however表示转折关系，so表示因果关系，or表示选择关系，答案为D。
10．（广州）Jony doesn’t sing quite _______ the other boys and girls in his class.
A. so well as B. as good likeC. as well likeD. so good as
析：“not as / so …as”表“与……不一样”，句中sing用副词修饰，答案为A。
11． （南 京） The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than _______ made in America.
A. onesB. those C. that D. it
析：比较的对象要一致，为了避免重复，常用that代替单数名词/不可数名词，those代替复数名词，故答案为B。
12．（南京）无论他说什么，我都不相信他。（完成句子）_______ ，I don’t believe him.
析：从句的语序为陈述句语序，故填No matter what / Whatever he says。
13.(安徽)You’ll be late _______ you hurry up.
A. afterB. whenC. unlessD. if
析：after意为“在……以后”，when意为“当……时候”，if意为“如果”，unless意为“如果不”，答案为Ｃ。
14．（大连）I enjoy learning English _______ it takes me a lot of time.
A. unlessB. thoughC. because D. for
析：because / for意为“因为”，though意为“虽然”，答案为B。
另要注意because不与so连用，though不与but连用。
15.（天津）I want to know _______.
A. what’s his name B. that’s his name
C. that his name isD. what his name is
析：根据题意选用连词what引导，从句的语序为陈述句语序，故答案为D。
16．（石家庄）―I don’t know if his uncle _______ .―I think he _______，if it doesn’t rain.
A. will come, comesB. will come ,will come
C. comes , comesD. comes, will come
析：if意为“是否”引导宾语从句，根据句中需要用一般将来时。if意为“如果”引导状语从句常用一般现在时代替将来时，主句用一般将来时。答案为B。类似的when也根据词意区分引导状语从句或宾语从句，即when意为“当……时候”引导状语从句，意为“什么时候”引导宾语从句。
17．（兰州）I didn’t think maths _______ important at that time.
A. isB. wasC. areD. were
析：主从句时态应呼应，再就是maths作主语，谓语用was。答案为B。
18．（兰州）That’s the only thing _______ can’t be forgotten in my life.
A. thatB. whichC. whoD. ×
析：当先行词有序数词、形容词最高级、only或不定代词时，用关系代词that。答案为A。
19．（成都）I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.（合为复合句）
I’m reading a book which (that) is about Bill Gates.
析：当先行词为物时，用关系代词which或that；当先行词为人时，用who或that.
20．（广州）Mr Johnson’s story _______ by everyone who heard it .
A．laughed at B. was laughedC. laughedD. was laughed at
析：根据题意用一般过去时的被动语态，即was / were +P.P。另外这里由动词＋介词构成的短语，介词不能省略。答案为D。
21.（广州）Your sister works very hard ,and _______.
A. so you are B. so you doC. so are you D.so do you.
析：此题考查so作“也”的结构“so＋助动词/情态动词/be动词”，此时要与前一句的动词、时态要保持一致。故答案为D。类似用法和结构“neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词”，neither意为“也不”。 如：―Would your brother go for a picnic?
―If youdon’t go, neither will he.
22.(南京)Do you think _______ an American film tomorrow?
A. is thereB. there’s going to be
C. will there beD. there’s going to have
析：根据宾语从句语序为陈述句语序排除A、C。there be的be going to结构为there be going to be。答案为B。