解读“过去进行时”
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请看下面几道中考题：
1. ―What were you doing this time yesterday？
―I ________ on the grass and drawing a picture.（2011年，北京市）
A. sit B. sat C. am sitting D. was sitting
2. ―I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon，but no one answered.
―Sorry，I ________ with my friends at that time. （2011年，河南省）
A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. was swimming
3. I was very angry with John――he just _________ when I spoke to him. （2011年，江苏省徐州市）
A. isn’t listening B. hasn’t listened
C. didn’t listen D. wasn’t listening
4. The girl with two cats ________ in the yard when the earthquake happened. （2011年，内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市）
A. was playing B. is playing
C. are playing D. were playing
5. I ________ when the UFO landed. （2011年，四川省宜宾市）
A. am watching TV B. was watching TV
C. have watched TV D. watched TV
分析：上面的五道中考题均是在考查同学们对过去进行时用法的掌握情况，答案分别为： 1. D； 2. D； 3. D； 4. A； 5. B。
英语中，过去进行时是初中生必须掌握的重要语法项目之一，掌握它的用法对于同学们学好英语具有重要意义，我们绝不可等闲视之。
一、过去进行时的构成形式
1. 过去进行时由“助动词was/were + 现在分词”构成。如：
When I was watering the flowers in the garden，it began to rain.我正在花园里浇花时，天开始下起雨来。
We were having dinner when the phone rang.我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
2. 过去进行时的否定式由“was/were not + 现在分词”构成。如：
The students weren’t reading English when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师走进教室时，学生们没在读英语。
This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候，杰克不是在看电视，而是在修理自行车。
3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“Was/Were + 主语+ 现在分词？”构成。如：
Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon？ 昨天下午四点钟你们正在打篮球吗？
Was Sandy doing homework at eight yesterday evening？ 桑迪昨天晚上八点钟正在做作业吗？
二、过去进行时的基本用法
1. 表示过去某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作，常与at eight yesterday evening、at this time last year、at that time等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
We were working on a farm at this time last year.去年这个时候我们正在农场干活。
What were you doing at this time yesterday？ 昨天这个时候你在干什么？
2. 表示过去某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常与the whole night、from 8:00 to 10:00 yesterday morning等表示过去一段时间的状语连用。如：
I was doing my homework at home from eight to nine yesterday morning. 昨天上午八点到九点我正在家里做作业。
What were you doing from nine to eleven last Sunday morning? 上星期天上午九点至十一点你正在干什么？
3. go、come、start、leave等位移动词用过去进行时表示过去将来的动作，通常指计划或安排某时将要发生的动作。如：
Mr. Brown told us he was leaving there soon. 布朗先生告诉我们他很快就会离开那儿。
Tom said he was coming to see his friend. 汤姆说他要去看望朋友。
4. 与频度副词always连用表示过去经常反复的动作，常常有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等感情，意为老是、总是。如：
My son was always forgetting things. 我的儿子总是丢三落四。(表示埋怨)
He was always helping others. 他总是帮助他人。（表示赞扬）
5. 过去进行时有时要依据上下文的语境来确定动词的时态，这是近年来命题的热点。如：
―You were out when I dropped in at your house yesterday. 我昨天去你家看你时你不在。
―Oh，I was waiting for a friend from Beijing at the train station.噢，我在火车站等北京来的一个朋友。
三、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时表示过去发生的一个单纯事实，多侧重于动作的完成；过去进行时表示过去某时间或某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作，强调动作的进程和发展，但不一定完成。试体会：
She wrote an e-mail to her friend last night. 昨晚她给朋友写了封电子邮件。（说明“邮件已写完”）
She was writing an e-mail to her friend last night. 昨晚她一直在给朋友写电子邮件。（含有“邮件不一定写完”之意）
四、过去进行时中的when与while的区别
when与while从句都可与过去进行时的谓语动词连用，但它们之间是有区别的。when引导的时间状语从句与过去进行时连用时，指“当一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行”，从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，从句的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可以在主句动作之前或之后发生；while引导的时间状语从句与过去进行时连用时，指“主句和从句的动作正在同时进行”，但从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：
When my father came in，I was reading. 爸爸进来的时候，我正在读书。
You were dancing while I was singing. 我在唱歌时，你在跳舞。
【学以致用】
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It _____ (rain) when they ______ （leave）the station.
2. When they ________（get）to the top of the mountain，the sun ________(shine).
3. While he ________（wait） for the bus，he ________（read） a newspaper.
4. When I _________（come） to see you yesterday you _______（speak） to the teacher.
5. ―Come in，Peter. I want to show you something.
―Oh，how nice of you! I never _______（think） you _______（go）to bring me a gift.
6. Mary _______（do） her homework this time yesterday.
7. The Greens __________（have） supper when the phone_______ （ring）.
8. He ______（do） some cooking at that time，so he _______（not hear）me.
Keys:
1. was raining；left 2. got；was shining
3. was waiting；was reading 4. came；were speaking
5. thought；were going 6. was doing
7. were having；rang 8. was doing；didn’t hear