浅析英语中的强调句型

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一、基本概念。

当需要强调句子的某一部分（通常是主语、宾语、状语）时，可以把it当做先行词，用强调句结构“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分”，把整个句子分割成前后两个部分，使之各自有自己的谓语动词，中间由that或who连起来，从而成为一个新句子。

二、强调句式。

陈述式：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分

一般疑问式：Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分

特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词 + is/was it + that + 句子其他部分

如果强调的主语部分是人，可用who代替that。

例1. I met Tom in the street yesterday.

（1）强调主语：

陈述式：It was I that/who met Tom in the street yesterday.

一般疑问式：Was it you that/who met Tom in the street yesterday.

特殊疑问式：Who was it that met Tom in the street yesterday.

（2）强调宾语：

陈述式：It was Tom that I met in the street yesterday.

一般疑问式：Was it Tom that you met in the street yesterday.

特殊疑问式：Whom was it that you met in the street yesterday.

（3）强调地点状语：

陈述式：It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday.

一般疑问式：Was it in the street that you met Tom yesterday.

特殊疑问式：Where was it that you met Tom yesterday.

（4）强调时间状语：

陈述式：It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street.

一般疑问式：Was it yesterday that you met Tom in the street.

特殊疑问式：When was it that you met Tom in the street.

例2.He didn’t come to school this morning because he was ill.

强调原因状语：It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school this morning.

Was it because he was ill that he didn’t come to school this morning.

Why was it that he didn’t come to school this morning.

例3.She caught up with her classmates by making great efforts.

强调方式状语：It was by making great efforts that she caught up with her classmates.

Was it by making great efforts that she caught up with her classmates.

How was it that she caught up with her classmates.

三、“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分”结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语，用助动词do，did，does+动词原形，且只限于是祈使句和肯定的陈述句。

如：1. Do be careful when crossing the street.

2. Do come in.

3. Tom does enjoy playing basketball.

4. I did attend the meeting yesterday.

四、在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that而不用when，where，why，how，原因状语从句中只有because引导的句子可被强调。

五、强调“not...until...”句型时，应把not until...一起放在It is/was之后。

如：I didn’t recognize her until she took off her dark glasses.

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.

六、强调句型的反义疑问句反问it，遵循前肯后否，前否后肯的原则。

如：——It was I who told you the truth，wasn’t it？

——Yes，it was./No，it wasn’t.

七、强调句特殊疑问句。

试举例：（1）Who was it that you wanted to see？

（2）What is it that you are looking for？

（3）Where was it that you saw the teacher？

（4）Why is it that you want to change your mind？