直接引语与间接引语解题指导
开篇：润墨网以专业的文秘视角，为您筛选了一篇直接引语与间接引语解题指导范文，如需获取更多写作素材，在线客服老师一对一协助。欢迎您的阅读与分享！
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。
英语课程标准指出，直接引语与间接引语这个语法项目为5级要求。5级为9年级结束时的要求。5级的语法目标中有这两点：（1）了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能；（2）在实际运用中体会和领悟语言形式的表意功能。可见，直接引语与间接引语是初中阶段必须掌握的重要语法项目。
二、 直接引语变间接引语的变化规则及注意事项
当直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语、句子的结构，等都要有变化。
1. 人称的转变
1） 直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称。
例 He said，“I am very hungry.” He said that he was very hungry.
2） 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称。
例“You need to be quiet,” my father told me. My father told me that I need to be quiet.
3） 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。
例The detective said to the suspect, “I’ll check your fingerprints.” The detective said to the suspect that he would check his fingerprints.
4） 人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等。
例He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
2. 时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：
例（1） “I’m glad to hear from you,” he said to me. He said to me that he was glad to hear from me.
（2） The witness said,“ I saw a man running down the street.” The witness said that he had seen a man running down the street.
（3） Kitty said, “I’m having a fantastic time here.” Kitty said that she was having a fantastic time there.
（4）“I have lost my way,” said the visitor. The visitor said that he had lost his way.
（5） Susan said to me, “We will visit the farm next week.” Susan said to me that they would visit the farm the next week.
（6） The poor passenger complained,“ The train had already left when I got there.” The poor passenger complained that the train had already left when she got there.
（7） Timmy said,“When the earthquake happened, I was shopping in the shopping center.” Timmy said that he was shopping in the shopping center when the earthquake happened.
3. 直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况 ?摇?摇
1） 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候。
例He always says, “I am tired out.” He always says that he is tired out.
2） 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候。
例He will say, “I’ll go on a trip somewhere.” He will say that he will go on a trip somewhere.
3） 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时。
例He said, “I went to college in 2000.” He told us that he went to college in 2000.
4） 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时。
例He said，“When I was a child, I used to play alot.” He said that when he was a child, he used to play a lot.
5） 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时。
例Our teacher said to us, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” Our teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
6） 当引语是谚语、格言时。
例He said，“Actions speak louder than words.” He said that actions speak louder than words.
7） 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时。
例―Could you tell me Ｄ ？
―He is in the library．（2010，苏州中考）
A． where Simon was
B． where is Simon
C． where was Simon
D． where Simon is
4. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化
直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
如：this/that these/those；nowthen； todaythat day; yesterdaythe day before；last yearthe year before；agobefore； herethere等。
例He said, "I haven’t seen her today."He said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。
5. 句子结构的变化
（1） 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导，顺序不变。例如：
She said, “I am very happy to help you.” She said that she was very happy to help you.
（2） 直接引语是一般（选择/反意）疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导, 从句部分要变成称述句语序。例如：
He asked me, “Do you like playing football？”?摇He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
注意：大多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or/or not, 或在不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：
She asked mewhether he could do it or not.
He hesitated aboutwhether to drive or take the train.
（3） 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导，从句部分要变成称述句语序。例如：
① My sister asked me, “How do you like the film？”My sister asked me how I liked the film.
② I wonder B .（2008，苏州中考）
A. how much cost these shoes
B. how much these shoes cost
C. how much do these shoes cost
D. how much are these shoes cost
③ ― I wonder C .?摇?摇― Zebras. （2006，苏州中考）
A. what do they call these animals
B. how they call these animals
C. what they call these animals
D. how do they call these animals
（4） 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如：
The captain ordered, "Be quiet."?摇?摇The captain ordered us to be quiet.
注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。例如：
My teacher asked me, "Don’t laugh." My teacher asked me not to laugh.
总之，直接引语变间接引语时要注意人称变化、时态变化、和句子结构等方面的变化。这些变化应该是灵活的，符合语境的，有逻辑性的。
【巩固练习】
一、 请将下列直接引语改为间接引语
1. Mom said to me, “Don’t tell a lie.”
Mom me tell a lie.
2． Susan said to me, “We will visit the farm next week.”
Susan told me that_____the farm_____ .
3． Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”
Mr Paul_____us that light_____faster than sound.
4． “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him.
The manager_____him_____ and post the letters.
5. “I can’t find my wallet.” he said to me.
He_____me that he _____
wallet.
6. “I will take it home with me.” she said.
She said that_____ _____ it home with .
7. He asked, “How do you find it, mother？”
He asked her mother
it.
8. “Do you know where she lives？” he asked.
He asked_____ knew where she .
9. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.
He_____the children_____ making so much noise.
10. “I’m glad to get your e-mail.” He said to me.
He said_____ _____glad to get_____e-mail.
二、 单项选择
1. （2010年・河北）Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ？
A. where you buy it
B. where do you buy it
C. where you boughtit
D. where did you buy it
2. （2010年・上海） I want to know ？
A. when we should arrive at the airport
B. when should we arrive at the airport
C. when the airport we should arrive at
D. when the airport should we arrive at
3. （2009年・东营） No one can be sure
in a million years.
A. what man looks like
B. what will man look like
C. what man looked like
D. what man will look like
4. （2009年・广东） Our teacher told us the sun_____in the east.
A. rise B. rose
C. rising D. rises
5. （2009年・河南）―What time will Mr. Brown be back to China？
―Sorry, I don’t know .
A. when did he go abroad
B. why he is going abroad
C. how soon will he be back
D. how long he will stay abroad
6. （2009年・ 宜昌）―Listen! It is still noisy in the head teacher’s office.
―Go and see_____they have finished correcting the papers yet.
A. though B. whether
C. unless D. while
7. （2008年・烟台） I wanted to know , but no one would like to tell me.
A. what did the old man say
B. what the old man need
C. what did the old man want
D. what the old man meant
8. （2008年・随州）―Do you think_____a concert in our school hall this weekend？
―Yes, there will.
A. there will have
B. there will be
C. will there be
D. will there have
9. （2010年・潍坊） Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. It’s about .
A. how did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror
B. what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror
C. how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror
D. what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror
10. （2009年・德州） Sue told me that she_____shopping with her sister the next day.
A. will go
B. would go
C. goes
D.has gone
参考答案
一、
1. told, not to
2. they, the next week
3. told , travels
4. asked, to go
5. told , couldn’t find his
6. she would take, her
7. how she found
8. ifI, lived
9. asked, to stop
10. that he was, my
二、
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. B