李小龙:武术电影最杰出的偶像

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by Robbie Budgen

翻译：小麦

"With nothing but his hands, feet and a lot of attitude, he turned the little guy into a tough guy."

――Time

“他凭借赤手空拳和丰富的思维，从一个无名小卒变成一代宗师。”

――《时代》杂志

It's a sad, but true fact: You will never, ever be as cool as Bruce Lee. It's not your fault. No one will ever be as cool as Bruce Lee. Time Magazine named Lee one of the 100 most1)influential people of the 20th century, putting him in the2)company of Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King, among others.

Bruce Lee (Lee Hsiao Lung), was born in San Fransisco in November 1940, the son of a famous Chinese opera singer. Bruce moved to Hong Kong where he soon became a child star in the growing Eastern film industry.

He was a3)loner and was4)constantly getting into fights. With this in mind he looked towards Kung Fu as a way of5)disciplining himself.

At 13, he met Master Yip Man, leader of the Wing Chung School of Kung Fu. After years of daily training and6)engagements in competitive matches, he was awarded the7)rank of instructor "then the youngest to achieve it in that school. Bruce mastered this style before developing his own style called Jeet Kune Do. The talented Bruce also took up cha-cha dancing, and at the age of 18, won a8)major dance9)championship in Hong Kong."

However, his10)temper and quick fists saw him11)fall foul of the Hong Kong police on12)numerous occasions, and his parents suggested that he head off to the United States. At the age of 19, Bruce left Hong Kong to study for a degree in13)philosophy at the University of Washington. It was at this time that he took a job as a waiter and also began to teach some of his skills to paying students. Some of the Japanese schools in the Seattle area tried to force Bruce out, and Bruce had to struggle and fight in order to remain.

In 1963, Lee met Linda Emery (later to become his wife) at Washington University. In addition, he opened his first Kung Fu school at 4750 University Way. During the early half of the 1960s, Lee became14)associated with many key martial artists in the USA, including kenpo15)karate expert Ed Parker and Tae Kwon Do master Jhoon Rhee.

He made guest appearances at16)notable martial arts events, including the Long Beach Nationals. At one of these17)tournaments, Bruce met Hollywood hair stylist Jay Sebring who introduced him to TV producer William Dozier. Based on the18)runaway success of "Batman,"Dozier was19)keen to bring the cartoon character of "The Green Hornet"to TV and was on the lookout for an Oriental actor to play the Green Hornet's sidekick, "Kato."The series was20)moderately successful in the States - but was a huge hit in Hong Kong. Bruce visited Hong Kong in 1968 and he was21)overwhelmed by the attention he received from the people he had left. Around this time, Bruce also opened a second Kung Fu school in Oakland, California and22)relocated to Oakland to be closer to Hollywood.

With his23)minor success in Hollywood and money in his pockets, Bruce paid a return visit to Hong Kong and was approached by film producer Raymond Chow. Chow was keen to24)utilize Lee's strong popularity among young Chinese fans, and offered him the lead role in The Big Boss (1971). The film was made on a very low25)budget and in terrible living conditions for the26)cast and27)crew. However, when it opened in Hong Kong, the film was an28)enormous hit! And after Bruce Lee's second film went on to break the box office records set by the first, he set up his own production company, and set about guiding his film career personally by writing, directing and acting in his next film, Return of The Dragon (1972).

Since 1973, the year Bruce Lee died and his most famous29)motion picture Enter the Dragon was released, movies have been the single most influential30)factor behind the growing popularity of martial arts. Lee's cinematic success31)spawned a global martial arts industry and schools opened and32)flourished worldwide. During the 1970s, more students took up the study of martial arts than at any time before or since. To those involved in martial arts, the years from 1972 to 1975 "the33)height of Lee's popularity "are often cited as "the Bruce Lee34)era."

这是一个有点残酷但勿庸置疑的事实：你将永远无法像李小龙那样酷。这不是你的错。没人能像李小龙一样酷。《时代》杂志将李小龙列为20世纪最具影响力的100位人物之一，将他与爱因斯坦和马丁・路德・金等人相提并论。

1940年11月，李小龙出生于旧金山，是一位粤剧名伶的儿子。后来李小龙迁居香港，很快成为蓬勃发展的东方电影业中的童星。

他不大合群，经常卷入斗殴事件中，为此他把习武作为一种律己的方式。

13岁时，他遇到了师傅叶问，中国武术咏春拳的宗师。在数载苦练与众多武术竞赛之后，他获得了教练的称号―他是当时该流派中获得此荣誉的最年轻者。李小龙练习了咏春拳之后，又开创了自己的武学流派截拳道。才华横溢的李小龙还学了恰恰舞，18岁时赢得了香港一次大型比赛的冠军。

然而，因为脾气急躁，容易跟人动手，多番惹事使他与香港警方关系紧张。父母建议他前去美国。19岁时，李小龙离开香港，前往华盛顿大学攻读哲学学位。在此期间，他兼职做服务员，并开始向付酬的学生传授武艺。西雅图的一些日本武术流派想将李小龙驱逐走，李小龙为了留下来，必须与之争斗。

1963年，李小龙在华盛顿大学遇到了琳达・艾米莉（后来成为他的妻子）。此外，他还在大学道4750号开办了自己的第一所武术学校。20世纪60年代前半段时期，李小龙开始与美国的众多重要武术大师有所来往，其中包括坎迫道空手道专家埃德・帕克和跆拳道大师李俊九。

他以特邀嘉宾的身份出席了一些著名的武术盛事，其中包括长滩全国竞赛。在一次比赛中，李小龙遇到了好莱坞发型师杰伊・ 西伯林，后者将他介绍给电视制片人威廉・道泽尔。在《蝙蝠侠》一炮走红后，道泽尔急于将卡通人物“青蜂侠”带到了电视屏幕上，并正在寻觅一名东方演员扮演“青蜂侠”的助手加藤。这部电视剧在美国成绩一般，在香港却风靡一时。1968年李小龙访问香港，备受人们关注。大约在此期间，李小龙又在加利福尼亚州奥克兰市开办了第二所武术学校，并移居到奥克兰市以便更加接近好莱坞。

在好莱坞初现锋矛并赚了一些钱之后，李小龙回访香港，电影制片人邹文怀找上门来。邹文怀很善于利用李小龙在年轻影迷中的影响力，邀请他担任《唐山大兄》（1971年）的主角。这部电影制作成本低廉，演员和工作人员生活条件很恶劣。但是，当电影在香港上映时，居然一炮打响！接着，在李小龙第二部电影打破了第一部电影创下的记录之后，他创办了自己的制作公司，并开始自编、自导、自演他的下一部电影《猛龙过江》（1972年）。

1973年，李小龙逝世。同年，他的代表作《龙争虎斗》发行。从此，电影成为了武术蓬勃发展的最重要影响要素，全球各地纷纷兴办武术学校。20世纪70年代期间，学习武术的学生人数可谓空前绝后。对于那些涉足武术界的人来说，1972 年至1975年之间―李小龙影响力的顶峰时期―常被称为“李小龙时代”。