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In this issue of Careful we have identified three problems that are common to learners of English; the difference between 'hope' and 'wish', the order of adjectives and the difference between 'will' and 'going to'. Although these errors are small they can still lead to confusion and even if they have been studied before they need to be regularly reviewed.
Hope vs. Wish
Wish is most commonly used in hypothetical (or imagined) situations:
I wish that I had a dog. (I don't really have a dog, but if I did, I would be happy.)
I wish (that) you were here. (Unfortunately, you're not, and I miss you.)
Sometimes wish is used in greeting and expressions of goodwill:
We wish you a "Merry Christmas".
They wished him "Happy Birthday".
Wish me luck.
Hope can also be used in expressions of goodwill, but the grammar is slightly different:
I hope (that) you have a Merry Christmas. (some time in the future)
I hope (that) you had a nice Birthday. (some time in the past)
Hope can be used to specify a desired outcome. For future hopes, the possibilities remain open, but for past hopes, the outcome has usually been determined already.
I hope you can come to the party on Saturday. (future possibility)
I was hoping that you would come to the party. (but you didn't make it)
I had hoped to see you at the party on Saturday. (but I didn't)
I hope to get an A on the exam. (it is still possible)
I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow. (although it might)
He hopes to be elected President. (it could happen)
She hoped you wouldn't find her. (but you probably did)
Wish and hope are also used in certain types of requests and pleasantries. In such situations, wish carries a more definite and formal tone.
I wish to see the doctor. (right now)
I hope to see you again. (anytime in the future)
在本期的《Careful》中，我们指出了在英语学习者中常见的三个问题：“hope”与“wish”的区别、形容词的顺序，以及“will”与“going to”的区别。这些错误虽然不大，但仍会引起混淆，而且即使是以前学过，也需要经常复习一下。
Hope 和 Wish
“wish”最常用于假设的（或想定的）情况：
我真希望我有只狗啊。（我实际上没有狗，但如果有的话，我会感到高兴的。）
我真希望你在这儿啊。（遗憾的是，你不在，而我在想念你。）
有时，“wish”用于问候和表达善意：
我们祝你“圣诞快乐”。
他们祝他“生日快乐”。
祝我好运吧。
“hope”也可以用于表达善意，但在语法上略有不同：
我希望你过一个快乐的圣诞。（将来的某个时间）
我希望你过了一个快乐的生日。（过去的某个时间）
“hope”可以用于详细地表达一个想要的结果。就未来的希望来说，可能性还是有的，但对于过去的希望来说，结果通常是已有定论。
我希望你星期六可以来参加聚会。（未来的可能性）
我原本是希望你来参加聚会的。（但是你没来成）
我原本希望在星期六的聚会上看到你。（但我没看到）
我希望在考试中得到A。（这还是有可能的）
我希望明天别下雨。（尽管有可能）
他希望被选为总统。（这有可能发生）
她本希望你找不到她的。（但你可能已经找到了）
“Wish”和“hope”还用于某些请求和客套话中。在这些情况下，“Wish”带有一种更加确定和正式的语气。
我想要去看医生。（即刻）
我希望与你再会。（将来的任何时间）
Adjective Order
When several adjectives modify the same noun, there is a particular order they must follow in English. Certain adjectives come before others.
1. Number/Amount
Three
2. Size
big
3. Quality
wonderful
4. Age
new
5. Shape
round
6. Colour
red
7. Origin
Japanese
8. Material
metal
+ Noun
+ cars.
形容词的顺序
当几个形容词修饰同一个名词时，它们就必须遵循英语中的一个特定顺序。某些形容词要在另一些的前面。
1.数词/量词
三辆
2.大小
大型的
3.性质
极好的
4.时间
新的
5.形状
圆形的
6.颜色
红色的
7.归属
日本的
8.材料 金属
+名词 +汽车。
Examples:
Some of the hungry gentlemen
The last great civilization
Ten big round metal rings
The beautiful Chinese ceramic vase
Either of the small green apples
My three lovely daughters
An interesting wooden statue
The third red plastic container
例子：
饥饿绅士中的一些人
最后一个伟大的文明
十只大金属环
漂亮的中国瓷瓶
小个绿苹果中的任何一个
我的三个可爱的女儿
一尊有意思的木质雕像
第三个红色的塑料容器
Will vs. Going to
In the future we often use will and going to to make decisions, arrangements and plans. Will is preferred when a decision is being made when we are speaking:
A: "The flight arrives at 9:20 tomorrow evening."
B: "I'll pick you up from the airport, if you like."
Going to is preferred when a decision has been made before now:
A: "When does he get back?"
B: "Tomorrow evening. I'm going to pick him up from the airport."
Going to is also quite common when we can see, hear or feel that something is going to happen.
To pregnant woman: "When are you going to have the baby?"
There are many future situations where the choice is not clear, for example if the future event is not the result of individual planning or decision making. In these cases, both will and going to can be used.
What time will the party start?
What time is the party going to start?
Or if a general prediction is being made with no emphasis on any of the above categories.
The supermarket's going to be busy tomorrow.
The supermarket will be busy tomorrow.
Will 和 Going to
在将来时里，我们通常用“will”和“going to”来做决定、安排和计划。当我们在谈话中达成一项决定时，更多地会使用“will”：
A: “航班在明晚9:20到达。”
B: “如果你愿意的话，我会到机场接你。”
当决定在之前已经做好，就更多地使用“going to”：
A: “他什么时候回来？”
B: “明天晚上。我会去机场接他。”
当我们能看出、听到或感觉到有事要发生时，“going to”也常会用到。
对一个怀孕的妇女说：“你什么时候生宝宝呀？”
在未来的许多情形中，没有明确的定夺，比如，将来的事件并非是依个人计划或决策而定的情形。在这些情况下，“will”和“going to”都可以使用。
聚会什么时候开始？
聚会要在什么时候开始？
或者，如果是在做一种笼统的预测，而并非在强调以上提到的任何一种情况。
这家超市明天是会很忙的。
这个超市明天会很忙。
本期，我们要学习一些在行驶途中常用的语句，看看老外是怎么抱怨别人的低劣驾技的。另外，还会学习到几个相关的俚语词汇。（更多说法请听光盘中的讲解！）
首先，让我们来看看几个有意思的句子。
Sentences
1) Look at that fool carving up the road. What a road hog!
看看那个在路上蹿来蹿去的笨蛋。真是个路霸！
2) Please slow down. You are driving like death on wheels!
请慢点开。你现在开得好像就是死神在开车！
3) What is he waiting for? It won't get any greener!
他在等什么啊？那灯可不会再绿了啊！
4) Check out this guy tailgating me. He's driving right up my ass!
看看那家伙追着我开。他都顶上我的车尾了！
5) Why is he driving so slowly? Hey buddy, get off and milk it!
他干吗开那么慢？嗨，老兄，下来挤奶算了！
（潜台词：开车的那个人就是在骑牛）
另外，有几个常见的俚语经常会在驾车途中用到：
Slang
1. "Sunday driver"是常用的俚语，用来指“开车慢的人”
We don't want to be late. Pass out this Sunday driver in front.
我们不想迟到。超过前边的那个磨蹭鬼。
2. 有一些俚语是“加快车速”的意思。例如：“hit the gas”、“floor it”、“give it some stick”.
1) What are you waiting for? Hit the gas!
你在等什么呢？踩油门啊！
2) As soon as I get a clear road ahead of me I'm going to floor it.
只要我前面的道路空旷，我就加大油门。
3) It's almost 2 o'clock already. We're going to be late. You'd better give it some stick.
几乎已经两点了。我们要迟到了。你最好换快档。
3. 还有一个词组――“greasy patch”，是专门用来指代“交通检查站”的俚语。
Everyone's slowing down. There might be a greasy patch ahead.
大家都在减速。前面可能有检查站。