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不同助产方式对新生儿脐动脉血血气的影响

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[摘要] 目的 初步探讨对阴道试产中诊断为胎儿窘迫而采取不同助产方式新生儿动脉血血气影响。 方法 选择2012年4~5月在本院经阴道试产分娩的足月新生儿217例,该217例新生儿在阴道分娩过程中均诊断为胎儿窘迫,而分别采取了会阴侧切术、胎头吸引术及产钳术助产。在胎儿娩出后1 min行脐动脉血血气分析。 结果 会阴侧切率为29.49%,胎头吸引器助产率为36.87%,产钳助产率为33.64%。经会阴侧切术娩出新生儿脐动脉血血气pH值≥7.10且< 7.20为32例(50.00%),pH < 7.10为7例(10.93%);经胎头吸引器助产新生儿脐动脉血血气pH值≥7.10且< 7.20为39例(48.75%),pH < 7.10为6例(7.50%);经产钳助产新生儿脐动脉血血气pH值≥7.10且< 7.20为16例(21.92%),pH < 7.10为4例(5.48%)。 结论 合适的助产方式可以减少因分娩过程中出现胎儿窘迫而引起的新生儿脐动脉血血气pH值的降低。解决胎儿窘迫急需分娩者,产钳术比胎头吸引术安全可靠。

[关键词] 胎儿窘迫;产钳术;胎头吸引术;会阴侧切术;脐动脉血血气

[中图分类号] R722 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1674—4721(2012)09(c)—0173—02

Influence of different ways of midwifery to neonatal umbilical arterial blood gas

PAN Xiaomeng YANG Yonghua BI Yan

Maternity Hospital of Dalian City in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116021, China

[Abstract] Objective To primary investigate the influence of the neonatal umbilical arterial blood gas between the different way of vaginal assistant in fetal distress. Methods Two hundred and seventeen full—term neonates that diagnosis of fetal distress with vaginal delivery and suffered lateral episiotomy, vacuum extraction or obstetric forceps delivery were collected from April to May 2012, and the neonatal umbilical arterial blood gas were detected within one minute after fetus delivery. Results Rate of lateral episiotomy, vacuum extraction and obstetric forceps delivery was 29.49%, 36.87%, and 33.64% respectively; the number of 7.10 ≤ pH < 7.20 in lateral episiotomy, vacuum extraction and obstetric forceps delivery were 32 cases (50%), 39 cases (48.75%), and 16 cases (21.92%) respectively; the number of pH < 7.10 in lateral episiotomy, vacuum extraction and obstetric forceps delivery were 7 cases (10.93%), 6 cases (7.5%), and 4 cases (5.48%) respectively. Conclusion The correct way of vaginal assistant in fetal distress can reduce the rate of decrease of pH value in neonatal umbilical arterial blood gas. To solve the urgent delivery of fetal distress, obstetric forceps delivery is safer than vacuum extraction.

[Key words] Fetal distress; Obstetric forceps delivery; Vacuum extraction; Lateral episiotomy; Umbilical arterial blood gas

胎儿窘迫是指胎儿在子宫内有缺氧征象危及胎儿健康和生命者。一旦诊断为胎儿窘迫,特别是严重的胎儿窘迫,自然要采取相应的紧急措施进行处理,否则会引起新生儿窒息,或留有严重的后遗症,甚至是死亡[1]。一个合格的产科医生应该学会处理分娩过程中出现的胎儿窘迫以降低新生儿窒息的发生,从而改善新生儿的预后。本文初步探讨了对阴道试产中诊断为胎儿窘迫而采取不同助产方式对新生儿脐动脉血血气的影响,现报道如下:

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选择2012年4~5月在本院经阴道试产分娩的足月新生儿217例,该217例新生儿在阴道分娩过程中均诊断为胎儿窘迫而采取了不同的助产方式。其中,会阴侧切术64例,胎头吸引器80例,产钳73例。该选择病例在孕妇年龄、孕周、产程时限、新生儿出生体重上的差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。