如何写好图表类书面表达
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英语课程标准中指出，语言技能是构成语言交际能力的重要组成部分。语言技能包括听、说、读、写四个方面的技能以及这四种技能的综合应用能力。在语言技能的七级和八级目标中分别指出，“能用文字及图表提供信息并进行简单描述”和 “能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文报告”。
图表类书面表达要求学生借助表格中的数据和文字来正确表达内容，并得出结论。下面我们结合实例来说明这一类书面表达的写作方法和常用句式。题目如下：
自1978年以来，我国海外留学生回国人数逐年上升。请根据以下图表，用英语写一篇文章，叙述海外人员归国情况，分析回流原因，并表达让更多的海外学者回国创业的希望。
参考词汇：
制定政策 work out policies 海归人员 returnee 海外人才回归 a reversal of brain drian
在写图表类书面表达时，我们要有文章段落意识，不要只有一段，最好分成三大段：起始段、中间段和结束段。第一段分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息；第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因；第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。针对这篇书面表达，我们尝试采用三段式框架，如下：
Paragraph One （Opening Paragraph）
1） A topic sentence
2） Brief description （in order of time）
Paragraph Two （Body Paragraph）
1） A topic sentence
2） Reasons （Firstly， ... Secondly， ... Last but not least ...）
Paragraph Three （Ending Paragraph）
1） A topic sentence
2） Suggestions or Prediction
定好了框架，便可以落笔开始写了。纵观大学四级、托福及历年高考，此类书面表达都有一些常用的、有效的表达句型。
起始段常用句型参考：
1. As the chart shows / As can be seen from the chart， great changes have been taking place in ... （在……方面）
1） In 2000， there were ... （多少人做……）
2） By the year 2010， the number of ... （做某事） has reached up to（达到） ... （多少）
3） The average number has increased by 20% in the past 5 years.
4） The number of people who ... has dropped / decreased /increased / risen from ... to...
具体应用：
As the chart shows， there has been a reversal of the brain drain since 1978 across the country.
1） Between 1978 and 2010， about 7，000 overseas Chinese returned to Shanghai after completing their studies abroad. They accounted for about 25% of all returnees nationwide.
2） The year 2011 witnessed a boom. The number of returnees came up to 15，000.
3） By the end of 2012， a further 22，000 will have returned to this city.
中间段常用句型参考：
1. There are two main factors leading to this change. For one thing， ... For another （thing）， ...
2. Several factors / reasons contribute to / lead to / result in / cause such changes. For one thing， ... For another （thing）， ... Besides， ... Finally， ...
具体应用：
The reversal of the brain drain mainly arises from three facts. Firstly， our government values overseas Chinese scholars highly， encourages them to return home to start their own careers and has worked out a series of preferential policies. In Shanghai， the famous international city， they can enjoy a modern lifestyle. Secondly， China’s economy has been developing at a high speed， which provides them with a vast space of development. Many returnees have achieved outstanding success in scientific research or in high?level management. They are playing a more and more important role. Thirdly， the current global financial crisis leaves many overseas Chinese out of work or at the edge of being laid off. They feel more secure at home because the economy is more stable.