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读写任务概括部分的答题情况分析

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在高考英语试卷中,读写任务中的“以约30词概括上文的主要内容”是学生普遍觉得比较难的一个部分。

一、2013年读写任务写作题分析

今年的考题是要求学生阅读一篇短文后谈谈对平凡工作的想法。绝大多数考生对这一话题都非常熟悉,符合考生的认知能力。阅读材料由三个段落组成,第一段是讲述人们普遍不喜欢自己的工作;第二段是人们不喜欢自己工作的原因是因为觉得自己的工作太枯燥而又普通;第三段是作者对普通工作的看法,讲述每一项普通工作都很重要,要求人们要尊重这些普通的劳动者。概括部分应包括下面三个要点: “many people find their work unpleasant”“They cannot get real satisfaction from the work they are doing because they are boring and ordinary”“We should respect ordinary workers”

二、考生的答题情况

从今年的阅卷情况来看,大部分考生的得分都不尽人意,甚至有相当一部分考生的得分为1或0分。在考生的答卷中主要出现了下面几个问题:

1. 要点不齐,概括不全。如:

This passage mainly tells us that many people dislike their jobs because they think their jobs are small part and ordinary jobs.

2. 直接引用原文,穷于变化。如:

The passage tells us that they simply do not enjoy the job they are doing. It does not give them any real satisfaction. It may be quite easy, like making up wooden boxes,but it is very boring. No matter how ordinary a job is,it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect.

3. 未能准确理解,脱离短文主题。如:

The passage tells us that the same man,who dislikes his job in the factory or even in the office,may work hard at the weekend, painting the house or digging the garden. They are very lazy. They don’t want to find work.

4. 概括中出现了部分关键词,但句子结构混乱,词性误用和拼写错误比较严重。如:

The passage tells us that to many people even the word “work” sounds unpleasant, not necessarily because they are lazy. They are not satisfactioned with their jods. They think their works are bored and easy, but also are bored and dulling.

5. 直接抄写短文,或其它与主题不相关的语句或语段。如:

To many people even the word “work” sounds unpleasant, not necessarily because they are lazy. The same man, who dislikes his job in the factory or even in the office, may work hard at the weekend, painting the house or digging the garden.

三、如何全面而又准确地概括短文的主要内容

1. 通过写作内容二和各要点提示,迅速、准确地捕捉短文中的要点。

纵观近几年的高考读写任务题,阅读材料都是主题鲜明、语言简单易懂,符合绝多数考生的认知水平。题目中的概括部分的主题与写作部分的主题密切相关,两个部分是一个整体,组成一个完整的语篇。

因此,笔者认为考生可以通过读写任务中的第二项写作任务的内容和写作要点提示,预测短文的主要内容,并从文章中找出与这些提示相关的句子或词组,迅速、准确、全面地捕捉短文中的要点。现以2013年广东省高考英语试题中的读写任务题为例。

以约120个词谈谈你对平凡工作的想法,内容包括:

(1)描述清洁工工作的艰辛;

(2)假如没有清洁工,环境会变得如何?

(3)你对平凡的工作的看法。

根据写作中的这一部分内容,考生们可以预测阅读材料的主题应当与平凡工作相关,从下面的三个要点提示中也可以得出阅读材料应该涉及到平凡工作的重要性。然后通读阅读材料,考生不难找到下面这些语句或词组:To many people even the word “work” sounds unpleasant. These people simply do not enjoy the job they are doing. It does not give them any real satisfaction. It may be quite easy, but it is very boring. No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect.

2. 同义改写这些要点并按照一定的逻辑形成一个语段。

在捕捉到文章的要点之后,对这些语句进行同义改写,改写经常采用改变句子结构、同义词替换等方法。然后根据短文的主题和这些要点的逻辑关系,使用适当的连接词,使其组成一个连贯的语段。

重新整理后:

Many people do not enjoy the job they are doing. It may be quite easy, but it is very boring. No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect.

同义改写后:

Many people complain about the job they are doing because they find it easy and boring. However, every ordinary job is an essential part in society so we should show respect for them. (33 words)

通过这两个步骤之后,可以清晰发现上面这个语段的内容与短文的内容相一致,语段中的句子来源于上面的短文,但不是直接引用和抄摘短文中的句子。

总之,在读写任务题中,快速准确地概括,一是根据写作内容二和各个要点预测短文大致内容;二是要读懂短文的内容并找出能体现短文主题的语句;三要对这些语句进行同义改写,用自己的话表达出来。

(作者单位:汕头市澄海实验高级中学)

责任编校 蒋小青