功夫简史 第2期

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说到外国人对中国文化的了解,一定少不了功夫。每年都有不少外国人来到中国,或在海外的武术教学机构学习功夫;前几年,《卧虎藏龙》、《英雄》、《十面埋伏》等影片在美国的成功更带动了世界范围内新一夫片热,以至于美国的电影公司也来凑热闹,拍出了一部叫好又卖座的动画片――《功夫熊猫》。

中国功夫之所以受到世界瞩目,与它的文化历史渊源是分不开的。功夫不是单纯的拳脚运动,它是民族智慧的结晶,也是民族传统文化的体现。如果你结识了外国朋友,想打开话匣子,给他们讲讲功夫的历史吧,绝对能吸引他们的注意。但功夫的历史源远流长,非三言两语可以说清楚。大家不妨看看以下两篇文章,它们从外国人的角度分别简述了功夫的历史和太极的美学。两篇文章的生词较多,可以边阅读边做笔记,进行归类;另外,文章的语言表达方式和叙述角度也值得一学哦。

In the center of the vast Chinese nation lies the Mountain of Songshan, one of the country’s holiest

spots and home to the Shaolin 1)Monastery, the birthplace of kung fu.

The Buddhist monks of Shaolin were 2)pacifists, who mastered a deadly art using kicks, weapons and well-placed 3)punches. They were able to kill a man with the palm of a hand. These deadly skills are 4)in line with their faith and 5)spirituality, because Buddhists believe that, in order to follow the path of 6)compassion, they must 7)root out the heart of evil.

In AD 527 the religious teacher, Da Mo, traveled from India to Shaolin to spread the word of Buddha. He spent nine years living alone and 8)meditating in a cave above the Shaolin temple. To keep his muscles healthy, he developed a series of movements and breathing exercises based on the movements of

animals. These were to become the basis of kung fu.

When Da Mo returned to the Shaolin temple, he began to teach the monks these techniques, and his tool of meditation evolved into a tool of 9)combat. Kung fu was born.

As Shaolin’s 10)reputation grew, more and more young 11)novices traveled from all over China and attempted to join the 12)order. They had their heads shaved as an external sign of inward purity, and they swore an 13)oath of 14)obedience to their masters. Their training was 15)relentless. Their fists would

become as hard as iron and their bodies almost

16)impervious to pain. Training would leave its mark not just on the students but also on the temple itself, as over the centuries their pounding feet crushed the stones beneath them.

Kung fu, which in Chinese means “learned skill” or “great achievement,” has now given rise to more than 1,000 styles of martial arts. The Shaolin style is still probably the most famous of all.

Today, the temple welcomes millions of tourists a year and sells them a 17)commercialized version of its history. But in the less visited temples of the

Songshan hills, the original spirit of Shaolin lives on.

在广袤的中国大地的中心,有一座叫做嵩山的高山。这里是中国国家圣地之一,坐落在此的少林寺正是中国功夫的发源地。

少林佛家僧侣都是和平主义者。他们身怀绝技,可以使出踢打脚法、械斗及到位拳法等极具杀伤力的招数。他们一掌即可置人于死地。但这些致命的技能与他们的信仰和灵性保持一致,因为佛教徒相信:要将慈悲发扬光大,就必须根除恶念之心。

公元527年,佛教祖师达摩从印度来到少林弘扬佛法。他在少林寺上面的山洞里独居和冥想了九年。为了保持肌肉强健,他创出一系列以动物的动作为基础的运动和呼吸法。这些为功夫奠定了基础。

达摩回到少林寺后,他将这些技巧传授给和尚,他的冥想法逐渐演变为格斗术。功夫从此诞生。

随着少林的名声日渐壮大,越来越多新人从全国各地前来,希望加入门派。他们把头发剃光,以此作为内心纯净的外在标志,发誓服从师祖教诲。训练极其苛刻。他们的拳头练得像钢铁一样坚硬,身体几乎对痛楚毫无感觉。这些训练不仅在学生的身上留下疤痕,还给这座寺庙留下了深刻的印记――数百年来,他们重重的脚步踏碎了脚下的石头。

功夫(中文含义是“学到的技艺”或者“伟大的成就”)如今已发展出上千种武术流派。少林或许仍然是其中最有名的派系。

今天,这座寺庙每年接待上百万游客,并将其历史通过商业化的形式展现在人们面前。但是在嵩山群山里一些乏人问津的寺庙中,最初的少林精神仍然生生不息。