Descriptive Study on the Code―switching Types of Network Language
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Abstract. In this paper， the language structure and causes of the Internet BBS code-switching are discussed. Code-switching mainly includes the intra-sentential switching and the inter-sentential switching. The two types of switching can be implemented in code-switching of network. Research shows that the code-switching of network is majored at the plug-in of the intra-sentential switching and can be specifically divided into affixation， discourse insertion， clause insertion， phrases insertion， and words insertion， and the frequencies of these parts to appear in the code-switching of network language tend to be increasing. In network language communication， English network code-switching has proven to an assignable part of the variants of network language. Therefore， it is necessary to make a study on it in depth.
Keywords： Code-switching Types， Network Context； Network Language
In this paper， the interpersonal communication in network context is analyzed， and also the research results are discussed with related linguistics. This study focuses on the code-switching of network language communication for the purpose of revealing the diversity of the language forms of network language communication through studying the code-switching of network language.
1. Literature Reviews
1.1. Definition of code-switching
The definition of code-switching is made by different linguists from different perspectives. On the whole， code-switching is defined from three aspects （Jin Wang， Guowen Huang， 2004）： （1） it is a phenomenon of the language used by bilingual or multi-language speakers to transfer from one to another in the same conversation （Herman1968， Rubin1968， Greenfield1972， Laosa 1975， and Sankoff， 1980）； （2） another language group （words， phrases， sentences or greater language units） is intermixed when one language is mainly used； （3） a conversion among various language variants in a language system （Blom & Gumperz 1972， Coapland 1980， et al）. The basic language and aided language of the code-switching discussed in this paper are Chinese and English， respectively.
1.2. Types of code-switching
Poplack concluded that the types of code-switching included （1） intra-sentential switching； （2） inter-sentential switching， which occurs in the parting between two sentences or clauses， and also each sentence or clause belongs to only one language； （3） tag switching.
In this paper， according to the views of Huang and Milroy， the structure of code-switching is classified to be frameworks； the code-switching linguistic data collected from the posts and replies of the ten major topics on the Small-lily BBS of Nanjing University （07/2010-10/2010） each day was used as research object.
2. Analysis of the Linguistic Data of
Code-switching in BBS
2.1. Alternative Code-switching
Alternative code-switching is seldom used in network language communication and also rarely seen. According to the collected data， there are also several cases.
The above four cases are only the edging members of alternative code-switching， because the purposes of these cases were to make a further instruction for the key contents.
2.2. Discourse insertion of code-switching
Discourse insertion refers to inserting an embedded discourse with a certain length in basic language. The replies in BBS are generally written by repliers， and the whole message is very short in itself. The short sentences and paragraphs are used most frequently， and also there are a small number of replies like a discourse.
（1） Fluid turbulence at sub-geophysical scales （small eddies and billows） can act as a dissipative mechanism， thus calling for the substitution of the molecular viscosity by a much larger eddy viscosity.
（2） This is shown for nt>n in Figure 5.2
（3） It is often useful to think of g as some given function， and f as the function
We are analyzing.
（4） Fantastic！！！！！！！！！
（5） Awesome～～～～～～～^^^^
（6） Congratulations！！！
The above cases can be divided into two types： （1） （2） （3） are sentences； （4） （5） （6） are words. Although there are single words， a complete meaning is still expressed well， and also it is easy to understand the meaning in the specific context.
2.3. Clause insertion of code-switching
Compared with alternative insertion and discourse insertion， clause insertion is more frequent.
（1） love SCDA
（2） I am a Qinghai er...
（3） In this JQ outburst age， nothing is impossible！！
（4） I love her
（5） How U doing？
（6） Joey Tribbiani～～"how are you doing？"
（7） En， life sometimes sucks
（8） never say no to panda～
From above cases， it can be seen that several are mixed insertions， including breviary insertions such as JQ and U， but also "I am a Qinghai er..."， which is hard to be included in the above type.
2.4. Words or phrases insertion
2.4.1 Abbreviation insertion
（1） SCDA activity support～～～ （SCDA is short for "Student Career Development Association"）
（2） Do not see the quality of your own GDP！
（3） SCDA simulation civil servants contest， and do not miss the wonderful experience
（4） The innovation of the IT Industry is easy
（5） It will be better if there is a DJ to give an interpretation， and we expect the following serial activities
（6） I want to say， "The arrangement of the id team is with quite a force！"
（7） This HR is practical to make a discussion， including rich contents
（8） A house can be bought with a the AA plan， and both can share a half of the ownership
（9） The winning team and a MVP will be select at the scheduled time， and also excellent prizes will be issued
（10） Decisions of the male students with a problem in RP can be divided into～
In the above from （1） to （2）， there is a switching between the acronyms of letters and Chinese； the main language is Chinese； English Abbreviations belong to words insertion.
2.4.2 Words insertion
（1） Perhaps I should change id from lancet to butcher
（2） From the current situation， your boss also needs to be pretended as a grandson when meeting with the personnel in provincial organs， OK？
2.4.3 Phrases insertion
（1） No way and everyone knows there is no business of me
（2） You are too young， too na？ve
（3） Open access policy is advocated in the magazine： copyright is reserved for the author， etc； the papers of the Articles Channel are only for undergraduate students to display results and exchange， etc； the published or not published results can be briefly informed in the Communications Channel
（4） Travelling is to say goodbye without a stop forever～
（5） Hot girl， I like
（6） A happy night～
In the above， there are a lot of English phrases insertion； some are inserted in basic languages， and some are directly used as aided English. These materials suggest the diversity of the phrases insertion in forms.
3. Interesting Words Phenomenon
Based on collected data， some problems worthy of explorations are found， and will be preliminarily discussed.
3.1. Correlation of topics and code-switching
The appearing frequency of the code-switching is also related to the hot degree of the talked topics. In the above from （1） to （2）， "Friends" is discussed， because the characters in it need to be discussed. Therefore， English names appear continuously， which can be reflected from words insertion of the names in "Friends".
3.2. Randomness of capitalization of letters
The biggest spelling characteristic of the letters in the code-switching of network language is that capitalization of the letters of a word is not followed according to grammar rules. This features breaking through standards. Specifically， the letters necessary to be capitalized are not； the letters necessary to be lowercase are not. This tends to be random.
3.3. Moving-down of the code-switching levels
Please see the following network languages： （1） Expecting； （2） Drooling； （3） I am a Qinghai er…
The "ing" is used for expressing a progressive tense in English. Therefore， expecting means subjects are expecting something. Similarly， paining and others are used by a lot of net friends. In above （1） and （2）， they can be regarded as suffix insertion； the expression in （3） is more typical suffix insertion， and its difference is the "ing" is a real progressive tense， while "er" is a common suffix in English.
4. Conclusion
First of all， the author thinks that the code-switching between two languages such as English and Chinese or other languages can be called as inter-linguistics code-switching， which exists in a language. Secondly， from the descriptive study on network languages， it is found that the code-switching between network languages tends to be rich， and also is helpful for examining the existing theories related to linguistics. Third， research shows that the code-switching of network language has proven to be a site where fresh language materials emerge endlessly. Therefore， for language researchers， it is necessary to put the attention to network language on the agenda. Also， this study verifies the previous views of language scholars. In the process of collecting specific linguistic data， new code-switching phenomena are found， in which affix insertion is worthy of exploring. In this paper， the code-switching of collected network languages are preliminarily analyzed to play a valuable leading role， and also it is expected that fellow colleagues can make a further analysis on linguistic data and the systemic construction of theories.
5. Acknowledgements
This paper is supported by the Philosophy and Social Fund Project of the Department of Education of Jiangsu Province―Research on the Network Language from the Vision Field of Linguistics （No. 2011SJB740002）， and also one of the results of the Scientific Research Fund Project of Huaiyin Institute of Technology―Research on the Code-switching of Network Language （No.HGB1015）.
6. References
[1] （UK） Crystal. D. Translated by Guichuan Guo， Quanmnig Liu. Shanghai： Shanghai science and technology education press， 2006.
[2] Huang， G.W. & Milroy. L. （1995）. Language Preference and Structure of Code-Switching. In Graddol.D & Clevedon.S.T （Eds.）. Multilingual Matters，pp35-46.
[3] Ziran He， Guodong Yu. Review on the Studies of Code-switching [J]. Modern Foreign Languages （Quarterly）， Vol.24， 2001 （01）： 85-95.
[4] Jin Wang， Guowen Huang. Review on the Studies of Code-switching Structure [J]. Foreign Languages and Literatures， 2004 （02）.